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EN
One of the main changes in the Slovak society after the 'Velvet Revolution' in 1989 concerns the relationship of the state and the social security of its citizens. The consequences of these changes have been influenced by many factors. On the first place there is the preparedness or better to say non-preparedness of people to accept changes in thinking and life philosophy. People that used to live in socialist system with certain social benefits have been forced to cope with the new reality of fighting for their own existence. The situation have been becoming much worse after the year 1998 due to the present government establishing the notion of a state being not very much responsible for the social benefits of its own citizens. Compared to European Union the situation in Slovakia is much more problematical and serious because of the rapid social and economical changes a country in transition is not able to cope with. It is the problem of vertical and horizontal marginalisation of the society. European Union also considers the problem of poverty to be a serious one, so in the authoress opinion Slovak Republic should become a part of the struggle against it.
EN
The study presents the history of marginalized groups, the theoretical background and a brief historiographical overview. Marginalized groups are collectively referred to as those that have limited opportunities for employment and are excluded from certain spheres of society. The defining criterion in identifying particular marginalized groups is the judgemental view of the majority or dominant society. Historians classify people on the margins into different categories according to certain characteristics such as extreme poverty, a vagrant or nomadic way of life, the pursuit of dishonest or defamed professions, criminal activities, as well as physical and mental disabilities and affiliation with religious or ethnic minorities. The study focuses on four main phenomena associated with marginalization – poverty, infamy, criminality and minority ethnicity with the examples of Roma and Jews. Marginalization took various forms, from demonstrations of disgust, hostility and physical violence, to segregation, stigmatization, legislative measures that criminalized certain groups, to their persecution and physical elimination. Apart from poverty, the main reasons for marginalization were prejudices, superstitions, myths and stereotypes, as well as intolerance and fear of the unknown, the strange and the other, that could be intertwined with rational dread of contagious diseases or hostile intentions.
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