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1

MARX A WEBER O METÓDE ABSTRAKCIE (I)

100%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2016
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vol. 71
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issue 9
771 - 778
EN
Based on primary sources, the paper reconstructs the method of abstraction used by two founding figures of modern social science: Karl Marx and Max Weber. According to both thinkers, this method plays a key role in social science. But although their views on the nature of the method are largely identical, the paper describes important differences between them in terms of (i) the cognitive goals with which the method is applied, (ii) the epistemic status of the results of its application, (iii) the criteria of correct application of the method and (iv) the supposed relation of abstraction to the distinction between the natural and the social sciences. This first part of the paper deals with the notion of abstraction which underpins Marxʼs “critique of political economy”.
2
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Revolucionáři k sežrání: Proces s Rudolfem Slánským a spol. jako romance

100%
Steiner P.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2011
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vol. 59
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issue 3
349-374
EN
This article analyzes the show trial of Rudolf Slánský (General Secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party) and his thirteen co‑defendants in late 1952. The author begins with an observation by Karl Marx that historical irony is a product of generic catachresis: a tragic event turns comic when it reoccurs. This obviously raises the question of which genre does a show trial full of confessions belong to? The confessions of Slánský and his alleged co‑conspirators, argues the author, embody the romance genre. They are records of a heroic struggle with false consciousness that the accused had previously yielded to, and culminate in the rediscovery of true class consciousness, bringing to an end their awkward alienation from the history of mankind, as stated in Marx’s master narrative.
3

KATEGORIÁLNY RÁMEC MARXOVEJ TEÓRIE NADHODNOTY (2. ČASŤ)

100%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2012
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vol. 67
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issue 3
208 – 220
EN
In this second part of the paper (its 1st part was published in the previous issue), the rules which govern the rational use of Marx’s categories are applied to the three misinterpretations of Marx’s theory: those of Michael Hauser, Wei Xiaoping and Ľuboš Blaha.
4

MARX A WEBER O METÓDE ABSTRAKCIE (II)

100%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2016
|
vol. 71
|
issue 10
809 – 820
EN
In the second part of his paper, the author reconstructs Weber’s notion of the method of abstraction, especially as related to so-called ideal types. Similarly to the previous part, the author focuses on the cognitive goals, with which the application of the method is associated, the epistemic status of the results of its application, the criteria of the correct application of the method and the supposed relation between abstraction and the natural/social sciences distinction. Deriving from the comparison of Marx’s and Weber’s views on abstraction he shows that the contributions of both thinkers confirm the hypothesis that analytic (non-empirical) methods of abstraction and idealization, as used in the social sciences, do not in principle differ from similar procedures used in the natural sciences.
5

KAROL MARX A FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE O POLITIKE TEATRÁLNOSTI

88%
Novosád F.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
|
issue 9
741-749
EN
More often than not, Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche are considered to be antagonists. For K. Marx the analysis of the material conditions of life provides the key to the interpretation of human history. F. Nietzsche sees the analysis of values as the key to the understanding of the development of societal forms. Marx defends egalitarianism; Nietzsche is an enthusiastic advocate of hierarchies. They both differentiate between an authentic and alienated form of life; however, their ideas of authenticity are fundamentally different. In spite of the discrepancies in their understandings of the existence of a society, their analyses of political life of modern society are organized around the metaphor of the theatre. The metaphor of the theatre makes it possible to grasp the difference between an authentic and an alienated form of human life.
6

GLOBÁLNA NEROVNOSŤ: SPRAVODLIVOSŤ A PRÁVO V PODMIENKACH GLOBALIZÁCIE

88%
Hohoš L.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 3
219-228
EN
The economic process called globalization brings about an extreme growing of global inequality. Problems of distributive justice and the possibilities of applying law become topical in our days. In the author's view the globalization takes place in accordance with Marx's intuitive comprehension of capitalism, whose development puts into operation its tacit immanent self-destructive mechanisms. It is necessary to go back to Marx and his theories of globalization and justice, and to examine, if they are applicable in present situation. The attention is paid especially to Rawls' resolving the problem of public conception of justice, as well as to Dahrendorf's conception of the global supremacy of law. In this connection further possible globalization scenarios are examined, such as those of E. Bondy and J. Keller.
7

KATEGORIÁLNY RÁMEC MARXOVEJ TEÓRIE NADHODNOTY (1. ČASŤ)

88%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2012
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vol. 67
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issue 2
93 – 103
EN
The paper offers a reconstruction of Marx’s explanation of the origin of surplus-value in the production process. Subsequently, the analysis of the fundamental concepts or “categories” of this explanation leads to their classification embodying two pairs of “registers”. Rules which govern the rational use of these categories are derived as well. Thus Marx’s critique of political economy can be interpreted as a critique of systematic “categorial mistakes” due to breaking these rules when using categories in explanations and definitions. In the second part of the paper (intended to be published in the next issue), these rules are applied to three misinterpretations of Marx’s theory by Michael Hauser, Wei Xiaoping and Ľuboš Blaha.
8

RYLE AND MARX ON ABSURDITIES

75%
Halas J.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2012
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vol. 19
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issue 3
338 – 360
EN
The aim of this paper is to show that Karl Marx’s critique of political economy can be interpreted as a critique of what philosophers have termed “category-mistakes”. Therefore, the author turns first to the origins of this term in Gilbert Ryle’s “Categories”, to further developments in “Philosophical Arguments” and in P. F. Strawson, as well as to W. H. Walsh’s approach to categories, to establish a workable meaning of the term “category-mistake”. In the second part, he discusses briefly some of the previous uses of this term in exegeses of Marx. Based on Marx’s writings and D. Sayer’s work on Marx’s methodology, the author explicate the meaning of Marx’s term “economic category”. Finally, he arrive at an interpretation of Marx’s critique of economic theories as an analysis concerned with the improper use of theoretical concepts. By way of conclusion, the author offers some general remarks on one important aspect of critique in Marx and in social science in general.
9

MICHEL HENRY: REFLEXIE O MARXOVEJ FILOZOFII

75%
Hohoš L.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 9
833-844
EN
The paper deals with M. Henry's interpretation of Marxian philosophy in the frame of his phenomenology of life. Its aim is to show the relevance of Henry's interpretation for the global crisis of capitalism in our times. Henry argues that economic questions in Marx's Capital, first of all his theory of surplus value, is closely connected with the historical issues in his German ideology. Attention is also paid to Marx's thesis about the science becoming a direct production of force. In the era of automation, when most of the common work is reliably done by the highly developed technological devices, such as artificial intelligence, Marx's idea of a free development of every individual as a condition of a free development of all is not a utopian one any more. It becomes a normative claim concerning economic and political reality. Thus Marx's idea of a classless society could be interpreted as a system of global justice, in which the extreme global inequality has been overcome.
10

ROZDEĽOVANIE A PREROZDEĽOVANIE AKO STELESNENIE ODLIŠNÝCH PRINCÍPOV SPRAVODLIVOSTI (ANALÝZA Z MARXOVHO HĽADISKA, ZOHĽADŇUJÚCA SÚČASNÚ EKONOMICKÚ TRANSFORMÁCIU V ČÍNE)

75%
Xiaoping W.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2012
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vol. 67
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issue 2
160 – 169
EN
Karl Marx never questioned distributive justice although his theoretical researches are based on his criticism of capitalism and exploitation (labour theory of value). The paper offers a comparison of the classical Marxian theory with the contemporary critical Marxian theory as well as with J. Rawls’s theory of justice with regard to applying the Marxian theory in China’s economic reform. Rawls underestimates the role of the relations of production, his theory of justice as fairness being a synthesis of the reward principle and the equality principle under the economic conditions of capitalism. The analysis of the theory and practice of China’s economic reform leads to the two conclusions: 1) Distribution and redistribution are based on different principles of justice. 2) Neither of the above mentioned principles could be used in practice without deformations, as the establishment of a fair society is too a complex task.
11

HEGELOVA KONCEPCIA BYROKRACIE AKO VŠEOBECNÉHO STAVU

75%
Lipták M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
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issue 6
446 – 459
EN
This article analyses Hegel’s conception of bureaucracy in Philosophy of Right, especially in relation to its characteristic as a universal class. It is argued that’s function of bureaucracy as a universal class transcends its particular practical function and it has emancipatory function as well. This view is then briefly criticized via the criticism raised by young Marx. Finally, it is argued that philosophical validity of Hegel’s conception is intentionally and inherently linked to, in principle, contingent historical development. This is then related to current bureaucratic apparatus of European Union.
12

OD FILOZOFIE PRÁVA K POLITICKEJ EKONÓMII: MARXOVO MYSLENIE V ROKOCH 1842 – 1844

75%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2010
|
vol. 65
|
issue 5
428-439
EN
The paper offers a reconstruction of the development of Karl Marx's thought in 1842 - 1844 proceeding from the philosophy of law and social philosophy to political economy and its critique. It puts forward a new interpretation of the categories 'bürgerliche Gesellschaft', 'alienation' and 'alienated labour'. This interpretation shows that the development of Marx's thought did not proceed from 'philosophy' to 'political economy' or from 'humanism' to 'scientism', but from an 'external' to an 'internal' critique of political economy.
13

VÝZNAM PRAXE PRE TEÓRIU: REKONŠTRUKCIA ARGUMENTU ALASDAIRA MACINTYRA

63%
Kuna M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 9
827-838
EN
The term of practice plays an important role in MacIntyre's philosophy. He uses it in two different ways: either generally as contrast with theory or as a specifically defined term within his Neo-Aristotelianism. These two meanings are independent from each other. The paper is a reconstruction of MacIntyre's argument concerning the notion of practice in its general sense and as related to the concept of theory. First, it analyses practice as opposite to theory, and its Marxist roots; second, it outlines the post-Marxist revolutionary 'Benedictine' vision of MacIntyre's Thomistic Aristotelianism; third, the issue in question is exemplified via the mutual relationship between political philosophy and politics; finally, several implications of the author's argument are suggested. The paper claims that those engaged in elaboration, critique and implementation of political and/or moral theories may benefit from MacIntyre's insightful account of the significance of practice for theory.
14

SOCIOLOGY: HISTORICAL ROOTS AND CONTEMPORARY TRANSFORMATIONS (the textbook chapter) (Sotsiologia: istorychni vytoky ta suchasni transformatsii)

63%
Kutuev P.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
|
2009
|
issue 3
183-206
EN
The chapter seeks to identify the historical roots of sociological knowledge and its contemporary transformations. The chapter traces the origins of sociology as a separate discipline. Sociology's subject-matter is also discussed. Based on new publications utilizing archival data, the chapter claims that the term 'sociology' was suggested by E. J. Sieyes (1749-1836) in his manuscript circa 1780. The chapter makes extensive use of M. Weber's insights into the nature of sociology as an empirical discipline ordering the chaotic universe according to ultimate values of a researcher. The chapter also advocates the centrality of classical thinkers and their texts for the discourse of contemporary sociology. The chapter suggests I. Lakatos' methodology of research programs as a tool for grasping the evolution of sociological knowledge. The text discusses how sociology was transforming under the impact of global social transformations, while contributing to them. The sources of sociology's original Eurocentrism are identified. The chapter also discusses the tasks of sociology today and outlines the prospects of its development.
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