Search results - CEJSH

1

MEDIÁLNA GRAMOTNOSŤ – PREDPOKLAD PRE ŠÍRENIE KULTÚRNYCH TRADÍCIÍ

100%

Jalal A.-A.

Konštantínove listy

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2013

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vol. 6

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issue 6

161 – 167

EN

The paper focuses on media literacy as a prerequisite for the dissemination of cultural traditions. Cultural traditions are part of national culture which has been created as well as maintained and passed from generation to generation. For this purpose, various institutions (theatres, cinemas, museums, galleries etc.) and the media such as television, radio, film, press, the Internet, audio media, electronic materials, video, advertising (billboards, posters, leaflets, direct marketing), etc. can be used.

2

Francouzské líbání „reálného“ a praxeologická terapie: etnometodologické vyjasňování nové francouzské teorie médií

100%

Bjelic D. I.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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vol. 42

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issue 2

403-427

EN

The new post-modern theory of mass media as elaborated by Jean Baudrillard makes the provocative claim that the media representation of social reality is the very mode of its disappearance. In this essay, using Baudrillard's theory, the author analyses the production of news on the war in Bosnia by American TV networks and argues for a local rather than global representation of social reality. While the edited words and images on the television screen produce fake realities, there are specific practical conditions behind their production that can be described and analysed as a locally produced social reality. To prove this point, the author draws on two sets of data. The first contains two news reports by ‘ABC News' (American Broadcasting Corporation) about the war in Bosnia, each of which uses the same image of a sniper: in the first report, he is identified as a Bosnian Muslim, in the second, as a Bosnian Serb. The fact that the same image may signify two mutually exclusive identities is an example of fake news created by means of specific editing practices. The second set of data consists of a television news broadcast in which the author appears as a translator for a Bosnian woman. The author compares the edited news footage with the event as he actually experienced it and argues that the falsification of this ‘news' occurred, with his complicity, in response to a particular contingency of the moment.

3

Tabloidyzacja dyskursu naukowego

80%

Biniewicz J.

Oblicza Komunikacji

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2010

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vol. 3

177-182

EN

In contemporary democracies social life is considerably influenced by the media, which attract the general public by tabloidizing news (i.e. focusing mainly on lifestyle, celebrity, entertainment and scandal) and creating the picture of the world by means of certain catchy call slogans limiting the debate to particular issues. The media have recognized the potential of scientific perception and cognition, which is often seen as a gripping story of the world that intrigues the general public; clearly, scientific research abounds in dramatic events and scientists uncovering hidden secrets become contemporary heroes. By referring to scientific achievements and quoting them, the media make the scientific discourse a tool for objectivizing the reality. They talk of the complex world that we cease to comprehend and lose control over, creating the myth of triumphant science that allows us to control the world around us.

4

Český realismus v exilu : o časopise Skutečnost (1948-1953)

80%

Hruby P.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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vol. 14

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issue 4

744-756

EN

In this article the author discusses 'Skutecnost' (Reality), a remarkable Czechoslovak emigre periodical published after the Communist takeover. The author was one of its founders and editors. 'Skutecnost' was started up in Geneva in late 1948 essentially as a students' monthly. The first number was published in March 1949. Owing to its high quality, openness, non-partisanship, forthrightness, critical approach, and non-conformism, however, 'Skutecnost' soon gained an extraordinary standing amongst emigre periodicals. Its programme and name reflect its affiliation with the realism of Tomas Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937), in the sense of its perspicacity and critical assessment of reality, advocated an active, uncompromising defence of democracy against totalitarianism, supported the integration of European values, castigated emigre politicking, boldly held up an unflattering mirror to its countrymen, and detested platitudes. Its critical jibes were a thorn in the side of many an emigre; the special issue criticizing the post-war expulsion of the Czechoslovak Germans, for example, caused an uproar. Its editor-in-chief was the Slovak journalist Karol Belak, and its regular contributors included a number of distinctive emigre figures from around the world, for example the literary historians Peter Demetz (b. 1922) and Jiri Pistorius (b. 1922), the journalists Ferdinand Peroutka (1895-1978) and Pavel Tigrid (1917-2003), the writers Jan M. Kolar (1923-1978) and Jiri Karnet (b. 1920), the historians Jiri Kovtun (b. 1927) and Zdenek Dittrich (b. 1923), and the politician Jaroslav Stransky (1884-1973). It increasingly published translations of articles by non-Czechoslovak authors, including emigres from other central and east European countries. Its range of action expanded considerably, when the selection of articles from 'Skutecnost' began to be published in Czech, English, and German versions in 'Democratia militans'. In his discussion the author mentions the conflict that arose after Meda Mladkova (b. 1919), an art historian and collaborator of 'Skutecnost', took over its administrative work and moved the editorial office to London in 1951. He concludes by stating that this initiative of the young generation of emigres contributed to overcoming the sense of disappointment, apparent deadlock, and genuine lack of programme amongst the Czechoslovak emigres.

5

ŽURNALISTIKA – PUBLICISTIKA – POLITIKA – MÉDIÁ: DOTYKY A PRIENIKY

80%

Barnová K.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 1

17 – 23

EN

The article is focused on explanation of Slovak terms “journalism” and “publicistics“ and points out the diverse understanding of these terms from different conceptual theories – theories of journalism (or media theory) and theories of stylistics. The article is focused on the journalism – politics – media relationship and their interconnections. Journalism, that brings new information about political life and political events every day, is determined by political environment. The relationship between journalism, media and politics is interconnected – journalists and media need politicians as an important source of information. Politicians consider journalists and media as an important way of communication with public and as a “key players” of public opinion shaping.

6

MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE POLISH EU PRESIDENCY

80%

Stępińska A.

Yearbook of Polish European Studies

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2012

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vol. 15

61-80

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary findings of the interna¬tional comparative study on the media coverage of the 2011 Polish Presidency of the EU Council. The study was conducted in nine countries: Austria, Belgium, Greece, Estonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Sweden. In addition, the content of the television news station Euronews was analysed. The findings showed that the EU Presidency does not guarantee a high level of media interest everywhere. Neverthe¬less, it still may be perceived as an important factor in media coverage overall, as well as an opportunity for the country holding the Presidency to enhance its image.

7

SOME NOTES ON THE TERMS NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE AND THEIR FEATURES OF DIFFERENCE (Na okraj pojmov noviny a casopis a ich diferencnych znakov)

80%

Vojtek J.

Communication Today

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 2

34-44

EN

It is quite understandable that different dictionaries and manuals as well characterize the terms newspaper and magazine (periodical) in different ways. Anyway it is not quite understandable why these different ways are so different. That is why the paper has been leaned on a fact-finding. Its author has gone through different kind of dictionaries and manuals to find out how the above mentioned terms are characterized. As for the dictionaries and encyclopaedias as well, they were of different kinds (e.g. language, general and specialized ones, in Czech, English, Polish and Slovak). The hypothesis, which was formulated by the author, stated that the most accurate would be the specialized dictionaries. But this assumption proved to be wrong and the most precise definitions of the two terms were found in an general encyclopaedia, namely Funk's & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia.(31volumes. New York : Funk & Wagnall Corporation, 1971-1993). On the pieces of knowledge found in the books, which the author went through, he formulates his own definitions of the terms newspaper and magazine and points out the signs (features) of difference between them. At the same time he underlines that any attempt of this kind is doomed, as the complexity of the terms cannot be put into a few words. Nevertheless we should try to be as accurate as possible.

8

The Sciences in the Radio

80%

Michalski K.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2005

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issue 3-4

461-470

EN

In the first part of the paper, a short story of radio in Poland is outlined with stress put to its fundamental role in educational activities and popularisation of science. In the second part of the paper, the author presents his views as regards developments necessary for improving popularisation activities in the Polish media.

9

REPREZENTÁCIE MUŽA A ŽENY V SÚČASNÝCH SLOVENSKÝCH HUDOBNÝCH FILMOCH URČENÝCH PRE DETI

80%

Urban M., Urban K.

Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)

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2017

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vol. 65

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issue 1

63 – 81

EN

The present study analyses the social representation of women and men in ten contemporary Slovak musical films aimed at children (Spievankovo, Fíha-tralala, Smejko a Tanculienka). An analysis of the internal and external features attributed to “men”, “women”, “boys”, and “girls” has revealed, in line with previous research, that men are associated with strength and courage and women with beauty and care. Gender also determines clothing, props. Contrary to previous findings, women in the analysed films, more often than men, display activity and dominance and take the role of moral and intellectual authorities. Men, on the other hand, are just as emotional as women. In conclusion, the author proposes a hypothesis to explain these discrepancies with the previous research.

10

Kandidátky na předsedu: mediální obraz političek ve volbách do Poslanecké sněmovny v roce 2006

80%

Baslarova I., Binkova P.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2007

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vol. 8

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issue 2

87-95

EN

The article focuses on the media representations of women-politicians and women-candidates during Czech Republic Parliamentary Election in 2006. Using the results of extensive quantitative and qualitative research of the media contents the authoresses analyse the ways in which journalists report on women in politics and on equal opportunities issues in general. Their analysis starts with the following questions: What form of representations do the media use? How much space do they allocate to women-politicians? Which topics they connect with women participants in the big league politics? They claim that during the 2006 Parliamentary election there was a distinct raising public and media demand on the topic of equal opportunities. The authoresses therefore ask: How did the media deal with the issues of equal opportunities? What form did the representation of women in the Czech political life take? They come to the conclusion that despite the media (public) need for the equal opportunity agenda setting, there is still general lack of deeper knowledge, which could form a meaningful and useful discussion.

11

Nad knihou Jazyk, média, politika

80%

Danes F.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2004

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vol. 65

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issue 4

270-286

EN

Two groups of Czech and Slovak linguists collected extensive linguistic material comprising video recordings of parliamentary sessions broadcasted on television, audio recordings of radio debates, video recordings of television interviews and discussion programs, and political advertising material from television and radio. This material was stored in archives (corpora), with the relevant parts of it transcribed, entered into special databases, analysed and evaluated. The book under review is theoretically and methodically well-founded in its evaluative analyses of three typical examples of Czech mass-media political debates and two contributions characterizing political communication in the Slovak media. These content analyses are supplemented by an introductory chapter on polemical features in political discourses. The reviewer, after having critically examined and commented on the individual chapters of the book (adding several personal observations on the issue), concludes that the work is a significant and praiseworthy achievement, successfully highlighting the present state of Czech and Slovak text linguistics, esp. dialogue studies, through both subject relevance and high scientific standard.

12

TO THE BOOM OF MEDIA THEORIES

80%

Horisch J.

Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research

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2007

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vol. 16

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issue 1

5-12

EN

The article presents a historical and troubleshooting summary of the development of new media and their theoretical conceptualizations. In a connection with their advancement it formulates several theses: since 1950s the media theory arises as a phobic leftist reaction to the new media (Th. W. Adorno, G. Anders) criticizing the so-called cultural industry, although the leftist media theory was tolerant to the new media in the first half of the 20th century (S. Kracauer). The author places the rejection to debit of, among others, the one-sided interpretation of Benjamin's theses from his 'The Work of Art in the Age of its Technical Reproduction'. A compensation of the new media comes with M. McLuhan and his theorems that the media enlarge the possibilities of man, create autonomous messages, and change the world into a 'global village'. N. Postman followed McLuhan in sense of cultural-conservative criticism, and J. Meyrowitz derived a positive notion of a role of electronic media in his thesis on the implementation of the new social borders through media. The author considers theses stating that the new media implicitly include a power element and an element of violence, and he inclines to the opinion that elite criticism of the new media comes from misunderstanding of their capabilities and the late creation of the theories in view of the technical-civilization progress.

13

Ocena jakości dokumentow a nowe media

80%

Pawłowski A.

Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej

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2012

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issue 1(99)

54-69

EN

The article concerns quality evaluation of documents in historical, comparative, and typological perspectives. The author revealed that documents (not only written ones) have been evaluated from the very beginning of a script culture. Nowadays such evaluation is needed in many disciplines and fields, like media and journalism, penal prosecution agencies, museums, and science. However, new media generated significant changes in evaluating processes. The opposition between an original and a copy has vanished, website personalization undermined a typographic system as a stable document’s feature. The article includes also a proposed form of document evaluation.

14

Global Cosmopolis: Responsibility, Information, and Media

80%

Susa O.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2008

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vol. 17/30

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issue 1

113-123

EN

Alternative futures oriented to contemporary global problems solutions and risk management are related to citizens' ability to learn how to become global (cosmopolitan) citizens. Important conditions for that should be analyzed within the processes and conditions shaped by globalization of media and communication. This learning has not been institutionalized so far (as in the education), and it is a result of rather indirect social interaction. Individuals are embedded into complex network of the global information flows and, at the same time, they are members of their national and local communities. Cosmopolitan individual is a virtual member of a global community. Social analysis with ethical reflection should study with more attention global media as one of the key globalizing actors shaping the public space of communication with the power to form and deform cosmopolitan participation.

15

MEDIA, INTERESTS AND MORAL PANIC: NEW SOCIOLOGICAL CATHEGORY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

80%

Zielinska I.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2004

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vol. 48

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issue 4

161-177

EN

Urlich Beck in his famous work Risk Society argues that social theory and practice should pay more attention to the production and distribution of risk and fear. For the last two decades there has been a significant growth of interest - mainly in Western sociology - in a relatively new sub-discipline called the 'sociology of anxiety'. One of the concepts within the field is a Moral Panic theory. The aim of this article is to introduce this new problematic and present its main ideas and definitions. The moral panic theory is discussed with relation to other prominent sociological approaches, focusing on similarities and differences. Finally, the article discusses the feasibility of introducing the moral panic concept to the analysis of several Polish social issues.

16

SVEDKOVIA VIERY AKO KĽÚČOVÝ PRVOK PRI MEDIÁLNEJ PREZENTÁCII DUCHOVNÉHO POSOLSTVA

80%

Gazda I.

Studia theologica

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2012

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vol. 14

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issue 3

13–30

EN

In this paper, the author draws attention to the importance of witnesses of faith in the coverage of religious message in the media. By witnesses of faith he means people who draw media attention in connection with various events and for various reasons. They obtain the attention of the media for their testimony. The author analyses four groups of witnesses – the Pope, faith believing individuals, the faith believing mass of people and faith believing journalists – and illustrates the possibilities of effective mediation of religious messages using the examples from media practice. Not only does verbal testimony seem to be important, but also non-verbal testimony, with an emphasis on testimony based on experience from one’s own life.

17

Językowe wymiary tabloidyzacji — studium przypadku

80%

Kępa-Figura D.

Oblicza Komunikacji

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2010

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vol. 3

127-138

EN

The paper discusses the dual nature of tabloidization, conceived not as a mere imitation of tabloids but as a process which consists in adjustment to the expectations of the reader, a process in which the crucial value is that of good reception and effectiveness (profitability) as its measurable effect. Thus, tabloidization does not only concern tabloids as such but is present in the transformations of the media as a whole, the transformations being an aspect of a larger process of the transformation of contemporary culture. Secondly, there are two dimensions of tabloidization: tabloidization of content (i.e. the selection of certain themes and topics only because they are interesting to the general public) and tabloidization of transfer (a change in the format of the newspapers and magazines, the increased importance of non-verbal coding, a higher frequency of occurrence of specific linguistic means). As an example, the paper analyzes a series of articles from a non-tabloid daily “Gazeta Wyborcza”, titled Brat Karol. Siostra Wanda, which appeared in June 2009 (as well as an introductory advertisement and an introductory article). Th e analysis reveals the process of tabloidization of transfer (more exactly of language), but also the tabloidization of content. The tabloidization of language is manifested through the use of linguistic means such that they result in an augmentation and increased directness of the reading, as well as in an easier reception of the text. Tabloidization is also manifested through an apparent flouting of conversational maxims and a loose treatment of the principle of cooperation, which leads to the creation of a communicative message containing a simplified and biased worldview. Being familiar and easily understandable, the worldview is attractive to the reader. In this way, reality is mythologized. The reader receives a text which does not only relate to the difficult relationship between Karol Wojtyła (as bishop and pope) and Wanda Półtawska. The text is also about a relationship between a man and a woman. The attractiveness of the publication does not result from it being yet another text about John Paul II, a national hero, but from the new roles assigned to the protagonists (Wanda’s role is that of a woman, Karol’s is that of a man). The acceptance of the roles leads to a direct and intense reception of the message, as well as to the emergence of author–reader kind of community. In effect, the text is an instance of the tabloidization of content, where the content is not provided in a straightforward manner but through tabloidization of transfer.

18

PRÍPAD SVÄTÁ HELENA A OCHRANA MALOLETÝCH V MÉDIÁCH

80%

Mistrík M.

Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)

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2016

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vol. 64

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issue 1

82 – 86

EN

Television and radio programs can endanger the healthy development of minor percipients. Therefore, several tools have been developed to prevent this. They are legislative, psychological and educative tools. However, according to an original research, the claim about the protection of minors is not quite true. On the island of Saint Helena in the south of the Atlantic television was not introduced until the 1990s. Prior to and after the introduction, an English research team did an in-depth research into the behaviour of minors on the island. This showed that watching television had not had a negative impact on them. However, this research is in contrast with the finding that there is an unacceptable practice of sexual harassment and abuse of young girls and women on the island. This study compares these two facts and raises a question whether youth-threatening television programs can endanger youth who already display an unsuitable or criminal behaviour, or whether the introduction of television cannot have an opposite effect and positively influence youth by bringing in advanced civilization values and models.

19

Dialog międzykulturowy w mediach. Przypadek europejskiego roku dialogu międzykulturowego w 2008 roku w Polsce

80%

Ratajczak M.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2012

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vol. 20

211-232

EN

Te year 2008 was named by the European Commission the Year of Intercultural Dialogue. Celebrations of the Year were intended to: respect and promote cultural diversity, support the idea of solidarity, ensure equal opportunity to the inhabitants of the EU, build partner relations with member EU countries and with the countries from outside the Community. Tis article is a short presentation of main events of the Year of Intercultural Dialogue in Poland. Tis paper draws attention to cultural pluralism and as to how cultural pluralism is implemented by the media. How the idea and the events of Year of Intercultural Dialogue were presented by media in Poland. Moreover, this paper analyzes how journalists contributed to promote cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue. Tis study is based on policy documents, reports of governments, NGO’s and international organizations, academic literature and content analyses of media in Poland.

20

Literární věda na cestě od hermeneutiky k mediální kulturní vědě

80%

Schmidt S. J.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2009

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vol. 57

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issue 4

542-555

EN

This is the record of a talk given by Siegfried J. Schmidt at the Institute of Czech Literature, Prague, to mark the launch of his Přesahování literatury, Czech translations by Zuzana Adamová of his ‘Allgemeine Literaturwissenschaft - ein Entwurf und die Folgen’, (1999), ‘Medienkulturwissenschaft’ (1996), with an Afterword by Michael Wörgerbauer. The author presents his view of the changes in German literary studies since the end of the Second World War, and explains his own role in the events that resulted in alternative approaches to researching literature, which defined themselves in opposition to the traditional approaches. The author discusses his ‘Empiric Theory of Literature’, which shifted the focus of research in literary studies from the text to the system of literature (comprising the social system of literature and the semiotic system of literature). The ETL requires that literary studies be based on explicit, absolutely empirical theories. In another part of the paper, the author elucidates the development of empirical literary studies and focuses on the consequences of the media turnaround, which led to media cultural studies and their concern with media epistemology, the history of media, the history of media culture, and research on transculturality and interculturality.

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