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THE GUINEA PIG - THE ISAAC OF POSTMODERNITY? (Królik doswiadczalny - Izaak ponowoczesnosci?)

100%
Dyduch G.
Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa
|
2009
|
vol. 63
|
issue 4(287)
100-102
EN
In the background of this personal reflection (the author is a histopathologist) about medical experiments conducted on animals lies professional interest and medical practice. The author demonstrates the numerous ethical and cognitive complications associated with various attitudes towards such experiments. He argues that there are no simple solutions as regards medical research involving animals, and postulates to avoid unambiguous ethical fore-judgements in favour of a careful examination of each individual case.
2
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THE LIMITS OF MEDICAL EXPERIMENT

80%
Maciejewski S.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2008
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issue 3(328)
43-64
EN
In order to show the limits of medical experimentation the author traces the way covered by medicine in its aspiration to attain today's state of knowledge and therapeutic possibilities. The path of investigations begins in remote antiquity, proceeding through long years of observation and above all experimentation. Experiments broaden our knowledge and bring therapeutic effects, but often also cause pain, aggravation of illness and even death. The article discusses the problem of fighting contagious diseases such as Bubonic plague, cholera and smallpox, by undertaking attempts at preventive vaccinations which were to save the lives of millions of people in the future. It is described how progress was made in terms of knowledge of the human body in spite of objections on the part of some circles and frequently even condemnation of the researchers. The discovery of bacteria and viruses was a real breakthrough in fighting epidemics. Incessant efforts to find methods of quick diagnosis, correct treatment and rehabilitation are described. The downsides of discoveries are discussed as well: the cobalt bomb on the one hand, and the atom bomb on the other. Experimentation is the basis of progress in medicine, but the medical experiments of Nazi doctors or Soviet psychiatrists brought disgrace to the medical profession. Other issues tackled in the article include problems of transfusiology and organ transplants, as well as those of genetics, genetic engineering or cloning. Attention is also drawn to patient rights and rights of persons subjected to a medical experiment. The ongoing debate in the medical world and denominational circles on the limits of medical experiment is highlighted. Last but not least, the author looks at the legal aspects of the problem of experiment raised by forensic physicians and lawyers. The final conclusion that follows from the study is that there is no univocal answer to the question about the limits of medical experimentation and each person concerned must seek their own answer as it depends on many of the aspects mentioned above.
3

Refleksje na temat monografii Ernsta Klee Auschwitz. Medycyna III Rzeszy i jej ofiary

80%
Skorut J.
Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi
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2011
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vol. 33
529-535
EN
Auschwitz. Medicine of the Third Reich and Its Victims, Krakow 2009, second edition is one of the most shocking monographs ever written concerning Nazi crimes. Ernst Klee, German theologian and social pedagogue, recorded in it detailed descriptions of experiments conducted on human beings which were illustrated with horrifying photographs (for example, of cut-off children’s heads placed in laboratory jars). He made use of a very rich source material and analyzed it so thoroughly that it is impossible to undermine his conclusions. Not only a monstrosity of the crimes committed in the name of medicine is shocking but also the fact that their perpetrators were scientists and doctors possessing established authority and undeniable achievements. Ernst Klee describes a number of pseudo-medical experiments, like applying hunger, using phenol, evoking typhoid fever, mass sterilization and experiments on twins. While analyzing the valuable monograph of E. Klee, I indicated Polish literature on the subject of pseudo-medical research and experiments. In reference to E. Klee’s monograph I formulated the following reflections: history of pseudo-medical experiments needs further scholarly, specialized investigations; it is worthwhile to accentuate significant achievements of Polish science that documented pseudo-medical experiments; it is necessary to attempt to fully explain the nature of compounds and specimens applied during pseudo-medical experiments; the interdisciplinary — medical and humanistic — character of research on the history of pseudomedical experiments is justified; interdisciplinary scientific research provides an opportunity for the further development of scholarly studies of Hitlerite crimes.
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