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Content available remote

VČASNOSTREDOVEKÉ SÍDLISKO CÍFER-PÁC

100%
Odler M., Kolník T.
Študijné zvesti
|
2011
|
issue 50
47 - 100
EN
The features dated to the Early Mediaeval period were found during the excavations of the site Cífer, admin. part Pác (district Trnava). The site is situated on the slight elevation on the right bank of the brook Gidra, 140 metres over the sea level. The paper deals with the Early Mediaeval settlement of this poly-cultural site, well-known because of its Roman buildings. The catalogue of settlement features and finds is contained in the first part of the paper (two sunken-floor houses, one oven, 5 storage pits with the pear-shaped section, 22 pits of other shape). The analysis, evaluation and interpretation of the facts are contained in the second part of the paper. The burial ground with 119 graves was excavated nearby, with the evidence of the continuity from 8th to 9th century. This might be probable indication of the Slavic ethnicity of inhabitants, settled here in the period of Avar Khaganate. The publication of the finds from Cífer-Pác widens our knowledge about the settlement structure of the area. Another approached topic is the Early Mediaeval settlement over the remains of the Late Roman buildings.
2

Rejon Środy Śląskiej w pradziejach i wczesnym średniowieczu jako przykład obszaru „pomiędzy”

88%
Borowski G.
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2011
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vol. 53
151-166
EN
Among several well-established and - it would seem - unshakable views there is one that Środa Śląska developed from a trading settlement (10th-11th c.) found on an ancient route running westward from Wrocław, and that at the time of its formation it was at the centre of a densely populated hinterland. The origins of Środa Śląska and the existence of the aforesaid route recently were addressed by a number of separate studies; all of them have led to the conclusion that, contrary to the established opinion, the region of Środa Śląska was more of an area “in-between” – not fully without population perhaps, but with a substantially lower density of settlement finds. We have reason to believe this is not merely the effect of an incomplete archaeological record. The same situation is observed already during the Mesolithic, when the region of Środa Śląska was part of a larger unsettled area between the settlement micro-regions of the Barycz R., the Kaczawa R. and the Sudety Mts. During the Neolithic, when settlement preferences changed, the region of Środa Śląska is virtually without settlement, and its evident lack of attraction is visible during the Middle Neolithic when Lengyel-Polgar and Funnel Beaker settlement may be seen to flourish south of Wrocław, in the basin of the Bystrzyca and the Oława rivers, and west of Środa Śląska, in the basin of the Kaczawa R. The situation is similar in the period of Lusatian Culture, and a slightly larger number of archaeological sites associated with this age, known from the region of Środa Śląska (mainly clustering along the Odra R.), does little to alter this general view. Admittedly, during the time of the ascendancy of the Przeworsk Culture what is known as Środa-Wołów settlement micro-region stands out, but it still takes in only the area on the left bank of the Odra R., whereas the entire province of Środa Śląska (with minor exceptions) is “conspicuously empty”, in contrast to the adjacent micro-regions of Bystrzyca-Oława and Legnica. Studies made for the older segments of the early medieval period suggest that during this time also the region of Środa Śląska was not attractive for settlement. Settlement continues to be observed mainly in the basin of the Bystrzyca and the Oława as well as on the Kaczawa R. During later segments of the early medieval period the situation is similar. There was change only at the onset of the thirteenth century when, according to the most recent research, Henry I the Bearded founded an “experimental town” of Środa Śląska on a site previously without settlement. A dense network of settlements sprang up at this time, and continued to develop without break until the present age. Naturally, further in-depth research is needed to confirm the findings presented here and the new model-image postulated for Środa Śląska and its region during prehistory and the early medieval period and to explicate this status quo.
3
Content available remote

VČASNOSTREDOVEKÉ SÍDLISKO KUBÁŇOVO II

75%
Béreš J., Odler M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2011
|
issue 50
5 - 45
EN
The paper publishes Early Mediaeval settlement in the cadastre of Kubáňovo (admin. district Levice), which was located in the north-western part of the Avar Khaganate. The features are published in a catalogue and it contains feature 2 with one of the largest corpuses of Early Mediaeval pottery found in a single feature datable to the 8th century (due to the presence of Avar yellow pottery and baking bells). The latter part of the study consists of evaluation and interpretation of the features and their analogies occurring in the Avar Khaganate as well as in the other areas of East Central Europe inhabited by Slavs. The whole corpus of the pottery is described and analysed and it widens the published amount of the pottery from the 8th century. From a diachronic point of view of settlement dynamics, the undifferentiated approach to the location of settlements is observed in the river basin of Ipeľ during the Early Mediaeval period.
4
Content available remote

DER BURGWALL GROSSER BERG BEI DIVINKA. VORBERICHT

75%
Fusek G., Holeščák M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2019
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issue 66
161 – 171
EN
Preliminary report presents both past and most recent archaeological excavations at the hillfort in Divinka. Located in the mountainous region of northwest Slovakia, this hillfort was inhabited during the three historical periods. The article briefly deals with the endmost, Early Medieval Period, more precisely the younger stage of the Great Moravian Period. The separate components of the hillfort, settlement features and the construction of its rampart are defined. The dating to the younger stage of the Great Moravian Period is based on select decorated metal artefacts (ring, fitting with neck and loop and three spurs). The result of the radiocarbon dating of the rampart of the outer bailey makes it possible to specify the time of its construction from the end of the 9th to the first three decades of the 10th century.
5

STREDOVEKÝ HRÁDOK V DIVINKE A DIVINE

75%
Holeščák M., Slaná A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
|
issue 2
335 – 351
EN
The article focuses on the archaeological excavations of a stronghold situated on the border of cadastral areas of the villages Divina and Divinka, conducted by the authors of the paper in two summer seasons of 2018 and 2019. The site is situated on a conical hill with a two-tiered platform, on the top of which stood probably a wooden tower-like structure, protected by three lines of fortifications. A rampart was built at the foot of this castle, from which a wooden-clay structure has been preserved. At the edge of the main plateau was a second wooden-clay rampart reinforced with stone, which succumbed to fire. The last line of the fortification was a palisade, which protected the tower-like building. Based on a radiocarbon analysis supported by archaeological material, ceramics and arrowheads, it is possible to date the construction of the stronghold to the final quarter of the 13th century. Written reports on the construction of the site are non-existent. Based on the territorial ownership of the area, it can be assumed that it took place under the responsibility of the ancestors of the Balaša family, Biter, his brother Petr and his heirs. The fortification either served as the estate of the administrator of the valley of the stream Divina, or as a checkpoint on the Váh road or its branch. The demise of the locality, which lasted only a short time due to the compactness of the material, can be connected most probably with the territorial ambitions of Matthew III Csák of Trenčín, after which the process of restoration no longer took place and the newly created village Divina began to grow under the researched hill.
6
Content available remote

SVÄTÝ JUR-HILLFORT NEŠTICH – NEW INSIGHTS ON THE SETTLEMENT AND FORTIFICATION OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL HILLFORT

63%
Milo P., Vavák J., Vágner M., Prišťáková M., Murín I., Tencer T.
Študijné zvesti
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2020
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vol. 67
|
issue 1
103 - 127
EN
In literature, the hillfort in Svätý Jur is known as an important early medieval centre, dated back to the 9th century, most notably to its second half. However, the first evidence of the use of the site in the early medieval period comes from the 8th century. Part of the monuments could also belong to the first half of the 10th century. In addition to the central acropolis, which is defined by massive ramparts, the hillfort has two chronologically slightly younger baileys. The archaeological research took place here in the years 1957–1962 and restarted again in 2006. Nevertheless, information about the settlement density and its inner structure as well as the character of the fortification system is relatively modest. In this regard we tried to gain new knowledge by deploying a wide range of geophysical prospecting methods. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Geo-radar survey (GPR) measurements were carried out, focusing on the fortification elements of the hillfort. Within a third used method – magnetometry, we focused on the prospection of inner area of both outer baileys. On this count, it was possible to define the internal structure of the ramparts and identify some of the constructional elements of the wall, as well as to define the extent of the inhabited area and locate several settlement structures. From the methodological point of view, the comparison of geophysical data with the results of earlier archaeological research played an important role.
7

KRIŠTÁĽOVÝ MNOHOSTEN Z ČATAJA. K PROBLEMATIKE NÁLEZOV Z HORSKÉHO KRIŠTÁĽU V ARCHEOLOGICKÝCH SÚVISLOSTIACH ZO SLOVENSKA A NA SUSEDIACICH ÚZEMIACH

63%
Zábojník J., Mitáš V., Štubňa J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2017
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vol. 65
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issue 2
343 – 376
EN
Presented study focuses on quartz crystal finds in archaeological contexts, from the late prehistory through ancient history to the medieval period. Presence of artefacts made of crystal, as well as pieces of raw semi-precious gemstone variations of quartz on different types of archaeological sites and in features dated to the wide time range are analysed. Main impulse for writing this paper was the discovery of a unique crystal icosahedron in the horseman grave 208/87 at the graveyard from the period of Avar Khaganate in cadaster of municipality Čataj, location Zemanské-Gejzove, district of Senec. This artefact, together with similar finds dated to earlier or later time periods, are viewed in wide chronological and geographical context. The authors search for similarities and differences between them, and try to explain them. Selected finds of quartz crystal and beads made from this material from the territory of Slovakia, dated from the prehistory, but mostly to early historical period and Middle Ages, were analyzed using the Raman spectroscopy method.
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