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VECHE AND THE TERMS “ALL PSKOV” AND “PSKOV MEN”: THE RUSSIAN MEDIEVAL CITY ASSEMBLY AS A COMMUNAL STRUCTURE

100%
Vovin A. A.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2020
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
6 – 28
EN
The article focuses on the collective political institution, the veche, of the Russian medieval city of Pskov. The author argues that the horizontal political ties within that city prevailed over the vertical ones in the period before its subjugation to the Muscovite State in 1510. Pskov is put into a broad comparative perspective which results in the conclusion by the author that the development of Pskov in the fourteenth–fifteenth centuries very closely resembled that kind of urban synoecism which was practiced by Western European communes in their early stage of development (eleventh–twelfth centuries). It means, first, that the Russian Middle Ages repeated in some important features that which had occurred in Western Europe, and, second, that it happened not due to a borrowing of political institutions (as was the case with many East European countries) but independently because of similar conditions arising, albeit after a two-century delay.
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Obraz převráceného světa. K úvahám Petra Chelčického o společnosti

84%
Boubín J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2010
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vol. 108
|
issue 4
593-614
EN
The article is devoted to social concepts of the Hussite thinker Peter Chelcicky (b. around 1380 – d. before 1460). The main attention is focused on his image of a world turned upside down, in which falsehood dominates the truth and nearly everything is the reverse of what it seems to be. Although the fundamental features of this concept were commonly present in medieval thinking, Chelcicky did expand them greatly and they became the starting point of his revolutionary sociological thoughts and his devastating critique of society. This study also deals with the issue of how his notion of a world turned upside down influenced the language and vocabulary of Chelcicky’s writings.
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