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1

Metaphors 'knowledgeable' of what translation namely is

100%
Balcerzan E.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2005
|
issue 5(95)
41-53
EN
Metaphors dedicated to the art of translation are characterised by special intensity and longevity. Translators tend at times to be compared with traitors, lovers, rivals, strategists, slaves, carriers, firemen, surgeons, tailors, barmen, pianists, portraitists, stage-managers/producers. Translatological metaphors: costume-related, painting-related, musical, handicraft-related, transportive, catering-related, catastrophic-rescuing, wrestling-related, clinical-treatment-related, or spiritualistic, when estimated from the standpoint of aptness and power of expression, fulfil instruction/self-teaching tasks, whilst also serving the popularisation of knowledge on the translation art and its placement in culture. They can be divided into axiological and epistemological. The spirit of the original, as juxtaposed against the piece's letter or word, is a metaphor calling for a separate investigation. The history of this juxtaposition is one of disputes over dangers, and also (artistic) benefits, ensuing from word-by-word translation. For some, the spirit of the original is not liable to de-metaphorisation, and it is only replaceable by equally elusive images; others would look for its counterparts amongst notions provided by poetics.
2
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Obraz obrazu: strategia przekładu metafory w tekstach mistycznych

80%
Gicala A.
Między Oryginałem a Przekładem
|
2010
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vol. 16
281-287
EN
Mystical experience, by its very nature inconceivable for the human mind and incommunicable in human language, becomes revealed in images: it is recorded in metaphors. And since metaphor is a medium of the mystical, its translation is a task of great importance, where a translator must adopt a certain strategy not only for its single occurrence but for a whole text. Analysis of this problem requires a number of definitions: first of all, a definition of the mystical experience, and then the definition of metaphor. The tools used in the present paper are provided by cognitive metaphor theory. Another necessary step is determination of translation strategy and of its relation to the translation of metaphor. This theoretical introduction will be followed by presentation of selected English mystics and their texts in the original and in translation into Polish. Analysis of the original is to show the presence and status of metaphors in each examined text, while analysis of the translation will focus on the cognitive understanding of the concept of translation equivalence in reference to these metaphors.
3

ON ANAPHORS LINKED TO NAMES USED METAPHORICALLY

80%
Corazza E., Genovesi C.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2021
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vol. 28
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issue 1
253 – 268
EN
In their 2018 paper “On the Metaphoric Use of (Fictional) Proper Names”, Corazza & Genovesi explored what speakers do when they utter a fictional name in a metaphorical way to refer to actual individuals. The example given was “Odysseus returned home” referring to their friend Bill, who had returned after a long and hectic journey. With such an example in mind, Corazza & Genovesi claimed that speakers produce a metaphorical utterance where properties of Odysseus are mapped onto the referent that the speaker intends so that they refer to that person. That is to say, the name “Odysseus” somewhat ceases to be a proper name, and instead becomes something akin to a Donnellan’s referential use of descriptions, i.e. a description that successfully picks out an object of discourse even if the latter does not satisfy the descriptive content conveyed by the description. In our example Bill does not satisfy the property of being called “Odysseus”. In this paper, we connect the previous work by Corazza & Genovesi’s with anaphora, in particular with the use of anaphoric definite descriptions linked to a metaphorical use of a proper name. With fictional proper names in mind, we are interested in cases where speakers anaphorically refer to the actual referent. For example, we are interested in utterances of the sort “Odysseus returned home, he1 is hungry” or “Odysseus1 returned home, the/that brave soldier1 is hungry”, where “Odysseus” is metaphorically used to refer to the actual person, Bill, the individual the speaker has in mind. Such sentence leaves us wondering how the anaphoric pronoun or description simultaneously carries the content from the fictional subject, and refers to Bill. On a cursory analysis, anaphora forces the properties attributed to the actual referent (e.g., Bill) into the background, like pragmatic presupposition. In the cases of anaphoric complex demonstratives and definite descriptions, the speaker emphasizes, or makes salient the further implications shared between the fictional character (e.g., Odysseus) and the actual referent (e.g., Bill; and that Bill, like Odysseus, had a harrowing journey).
4
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EXAMINING CONSUMERS' EXPERIENCE USING METAPHORS Metaphors for e-mail (Zastosowanie metafory w badaniach doswiadczen internautów. Metafory poczty elektronicznej)

80%
Swierczynska-Kaczor U.
e-mentor
|
2011
|
issue 3 (40)
74-81
EN
In todays' marketing strategy understanding and creating consumers' experience is vital. Among other tools marketers can use metaphors in their quest for gathering information. In this article the author discusses advantages and limitations of using metaphors as a research technique. The discussion is based on the presented results of the survey aiming to gain an inside view of internet users' experience connected with communication via e-mail. This popular Internet service is metaphorically described by informants as for example: - virtual travel by computer or mobile phone with safety bags installed in the 'internet vehicle'; - an unlimited container similar to an 'exclusive fridge', 'universe', or a 'neatly-packed wardrobe'; - the tool for strengthening relationships within family, friends or business. Although metaphors are useful tool in an advertising strategy, product development, understanding the core of customers' benefits or the context of consumers' experience, the marketers can fail by using them in traditional questionnaires. Nevertheless, the survey shows that metaphorical descriptions in traditionally scaled questions can positively trigger the informants' curiosity (but not necessary enhance the accuracy of their answers).
5
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Dictionary of Proper Names, Metaphors and Connotations: Outline of Theoretical Background

80%
Rutkowski M.
Acta onomastica
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2011
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vol. 52
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issue 1
141-149
EN
Starting from the vantage point of a connotation theory as well as metaphoric usage of proper names, the presentation discusses the methodological background of the Dictionary of Proper Names, Metaphors and Connotations. This dictionary includes exclusively the Polish names that go beyond their primary function (identification of objects-named) in the texts and public discourse. The matter of connotations typology will be presented, as well as the question of linguistic (or extralinguistic) position of pragmatic-semantic names` values. Although the names of Polish discourse is taken into consideration, some of the names` connotattions seem to be rather universal (e.g. Einstein ‘a genius’, Hitler ‘a war criminal’).
6

METAPHORS IN MAORI VOCABULARY AND TRADITIONAL POETRY

80%
Krupa V.
Asian and African Studies
|
2006
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vol. 15
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issue 1
18 - 31
EN
The appearance of metaphors in speech is stimulated by factors inherent in problem situations, when the speaker (or writer) is looking for an adequate, telling, potent expression, or to name a new phenomenon. We can distinguish two functionally divergent types of metaphors, namely, poetic and cognitive metaphors (transitions between them are not excluded). Predominantly cognitive metaphors, for example, typically occur not only in (the terminology of) science, especially at its forefront where we stumble upon something new, but also in the spontaneous speech of children, and, for example, also in the early phases of the existence of pidgin languages. Here we have to do with lexicalized metaphors that generally serve practical purposes of communication and their basis is in a way cognitive or based upon the parallelism of sensual perceptions and psychical impressions. The resulting expressions may be stylistically marked (if emotional factors are in the foreground) or neutral.
7

MAN IS A RATIONAL ANIMAL? ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF STUPIDITY IN THE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS CONTAINING NAMES OF ANIMALS IN POLISH AND SPANISH (Spanish title - below)

70%
Gwiazdowska A.
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
|
2010
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vol. 57
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issue 2
163-169
EN
(title in Spanish - 'El hombre es un animal irracional? sobre el concepto de estupidez en los zoomorfismos fraseológicos del polaco y del espanol'). The aim of this article is to analyze the selected phraseological units containing names of animals and having a metaphorical basis which is similar both in Polish and Spanish language. The purpose of the authoress' contrastive investigations, carried out in the area of cognitive linguistics, is to present the similarities and differences between the phraseological units including names of animals in these two languages, from both syntactical and semantical point of view. The subject matters of the following paper are selected zoosemic terms which metaphorically signify foolishness of human being.
8

SOME ISSUES OF THE CONCEPTUALISATION OF POSITIVE EMOTIONS

70%
Banczerowski J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
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2005
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vol. 129
|
issue 1
71-77
EN
Feelings are phenomena that cannot be expressed linguistically, i.e. in words. Thoughts have structure that can be reconstructed with the help of words; but feelings, by their very nature, do not have structure, hence they are linguistically inexpressible. Despite the fact that we are unable to literally describe what we feel, we can still speak about emotions making extended use of metaphors that 'copy' predefined patterns, conventionalised linguistic forms, units, phraseologisms, etc. In view of the foregoing, the present paper tries to define the fundamental direction of the conceptualisation of positive emotions. The linguistic material shows that, in order to fulfil that task, the following cognitive domains have to be accessed: (1) the domain of SPACE (characterised by the notions MOVEMENT IN, MOVEMENT OUT, MOVEMENT UP and MOVEMENT DOWN); (2) the domain of SEEING; (3) the domain of TEMPERATURE; (4) the domain of PRESSURE; (5) the domain of COLOUR; (5) the domain of OBJECT (i.e., the perception of emotions as pseudo-bodies like OBJECT in general, and its concrete forms like CONTAINER, BUILDING, FOOD, etc.) that is closely related to the domain of SUBSTANCE (occurring either generally or more concretely as WATER, LIQUID, etc.); (7) the domain of LIVING CREATURE (HUMAN BEING, GUEST, ANIMAL); and (8) the domain of POWER.
9
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TROJÍ STRATEGIE A TROJÍ VÍRA: FILOZOFIE, LITERATURA A LITERÁRNÍ VĚDA

61%
Papoušek V.
World Literature Studies
|
2018
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vol. 10
|
issue 2
3 – 13
EN
The present study examines the relation between philosophy, literature and criticism/theory from the viewpoint of a text’s intention and function, its institutional character (the way it is framed) and paradigms as a set of constitutional rules and values. Rather than trying to find stable criteria, the author focuses his attention on the act of “becoming”, i. e. the way in which a text becomes a text of literature or philosophy, and, consequently, the way in which these texts are historically negotiated by communities of recipients, creators and users of specific discourses. In his conclusion, the author emphasises that it is not possible to define an absolute distinction between various discourses and that the inclusion of a particular work within a certain discourse is the result of historical negotiation.
10

„ЗАВИСТЬ“ В ПОЭТИЧЕСКИХ И ПРОЗАИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТАХ РУССКОГО, АНГЛИЙСКОГО И СЛОВАЦКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ

61%
Grigorjanová T., Matytcina M. S.
Slavica Slovaca
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2016
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vol. 51
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issue 1
44 - 51
EN
The article deals with verbalization of emotion „envy” on the material of Russian, English and Slovak languages that allows us to determine the specifics of functioning the emotion under investigation in different types of texts. The authors make an attempt of a comprehensive conceptual analysis of the objectification of emotion envy as the fragment of the national linguistic worldview in languages with different structures: Slavic languages in comparison with a Germanic language, and to establish some specific features of emotional worldviews in the studied linguistic cultures. The study and the description of emotions are in the centre of the interests of anthropological linguistics because reflecting separate fragments of the linguistic worldview helps to show the nations’ mentalities through the language. The issue of universality, on the one hand and cultural identity of emotions on the other hand, is one of the leading topics of the discussion in the mainstream of contemporary linguistics. The article shows that study of emotions as an element of ethnic identity of an individual speaker and a group of people contributes to a better understanding of cultural peculiarities in Russian, English and Slovak worldviews.
11

A Notional Level of Cognitive Distortions in Depression: Does It Exist? A Voice for Interdisciplinarity in Studying Cognitive Functioning of Individuals with Depressive Disorders

61%
Bartczak M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2009
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vol. 40
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issue 4
58-71
EN
This aritcle raises the problem of cognitive depressive distortions observed at the notional level. It relates to recent neuropsychological, psychological, and linguistic studies, taking an interdisciplinary theoretical perspective, and illustrating the advantages of interdisciplinarity in modern psycholinguistic projects. It shows that, generally, the notional level has been neglected in psychopathological and psychological research on depressive functioning. The problem is described with reference to linguistic and psycholinguistic theories linking language with cognition. Particular emphasis is devoted to theories and methods of metaphorical processing analysis which, taking into account the similarities between cognitive functions engaged in understanding metaphors, and those disordered as a result of depression, seem to be an adequate frame to study the problem. The text ends with a proposal of an interdisciplinary research project dedicated to the study of metaphorical conceptualizations of some notions created by people suffering from depression.
12

Post-post-radianska sotsiolohia

51%
Vakhshtayn V.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
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2011
|
issue 2
59-77
EN
The article proposes an analytical description of axiomatic assumptions and theoretical languages co-existing in current Russian sociology. Analyzing metaphors, paradoxes and tautologies in sociologists’ public communication the author demonstrates how imperatives of Soviet sociology are reproduced in competition of “neo-Soviet” and “anti-Soviet” semantics. Defending “value sovereignty of science” principle, he examines the logic of “Soviet in post-Soviet” reproduction.
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