Search results - CEJSH

1

Excavation as Theatre

100%

Tilley C.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2004

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vol. 52

5-13

EN

The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical and conceptual justification for large-scale rescue excavations. The article begins by challenging a predominant view, in which excavations are regarded as a process of rescuing the traces of the past in order to inhibit their potential destruction. But, it is argued, prevailing practices in archaeology leads to a pathological situation in which the technical instrumentation and the production of descriptive observational statements tends to become the principal goals of the discipline. The author points out that instead of emphasizing the development of conceptual structures which might help us understand how to interpret the past, we tend to accumulate more and more information with which in reality very little is done. This leads to the view that any further excavations remain largely unjustified. However, if excavations are conceived as experiments in interpretative activity, then they may play a central role in the development of a more reflexive and mature archaeological practice. To understand the discourses produced by archaeologists, relationships between the excavation and the site report and between excavations, the archaeological community and the public are explored. Indeed, contrary to the standard informational report, based on the myth of pure objectivity, an analogy to the dramatic performance is suggested. In this approach, the site report is considered as an effect of never ending interpretative activity, displayed in the theatre of excavation. The report is a result of a process of selection, recording, organization, inclusion and exclusion which takes place from the perspectives of different individuals and groups, and the discussions and relationships developed on the site. We might envision a site report which reflects back on excavation and critically interrogates all uncertainties. A reflection on some of these ambiguities and contradictions can help us understand how we may write differently and begin to challenge certain superannuated dominant practices. Therefore large-scale complex excavations and their reports provide unique opportunities for experiments in self-discovery. The exceptional position of an archaeological 'database' creates special responsibilities to society. The currently emerging cult of professionalism drastically reduces the scope of social vision, leaving in archaeologists' hands the decision as to which vision of the past the public should be provided with. If we want to appreciate the past and thus value it, we have to actively involve the public in discussion and interpretation of the past. Here excavation has a unique role to play as a theatre where people may be able to produce their own pasts which are meaningful to them. This approach advocates a socially engaged rather than a scientifically detached practice of excavation.(The paper appeared earlier in English in 'ANTIQUITY' vol.63(1989), pp. 275-280)

2

MUSICAL TEXT: NEW RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE 21ST CENTURY (Tekst muzyczny: nowe perspektywy badawcze u progu XXI wieku)

100%

Caraci-Vela M.

Przegląd Muzykologiczny

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2004

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issue 4

147-159

EN

The essay discusses objectives and developments of modern musical philology and its interdisciplinary contexts. The authoress takes as a point of departure the notion of musical text, whose status and outlines needs redefining in order to allow for the meaning of the text to be developed. Musical philology looks at the text and its existence through time from three complementary points of view: the author's elaborative process; the process of tradition; and the phenomenon of reception. The methodological evolution and gradual critical enrichment of the discipline can clearly be seen in the main research fields of philology in the second half of the 19th century. Several important areas can be outlined here, which have been heavily developed but are still far from exhausted: the relationship between text and notation and between writing and orality; the historical and cognitive value of traditional variants of the text; the developments of author-focused philology (including issues of authenticity and attribution); intertextual phenomena; relationships between textual traditions and reception of musical works; and finally, relationships between medieval music philology and the current of New Philology. The persistence of outdated or unrigorous methodologies notwithstanding, musical philology has been enriched in the last decades by important contributions, which have helped to revitalize its perspectives and interests.

3

INFORMATION AUDIT - THE METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS (Audyt informacji - problemy metodologiczne)

100%

Materska K.

e-mentor

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2011

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issue 5 (42)

56-63

EN

The article characterizes and compares four most commonly discussed in literature methodological approaches to information audit: InfoMap, Information flow analysis, Integrated Strategic Approach and Information audit. The aim of the study is to make it easier to choose the methodology adequate for the individual needs' of a particular organization.

4

Metodologiczne podłoże bioetyki

100%

Adamkiewicz M.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

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2012

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vol. 13

5-20

EN

The article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethicThe article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethics and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival. The article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethics and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival. The article in a historical way shows development of the modern bioethics and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival. s and its methodological status. Bioethics is seen as an interdisciplinary ﬁeld that is used for explaining complex biomedical issues, describing the nature and direction of changes in science and technology. The text shows the main research ﬁelds of bioethics, which include theoretical, clinical, legal, political, and cultural aspects. The list of problem areas within the scope of bioethics emphasizes on the one hand the diversity of its interests, and on the other hand suggests the need for a holistic approach to contemporary moral issues that directly penetrate into the realm of biological existence and survival.

5

ON THE PARADOXICAL BASES OF MODERN SPEECH METHODOLOGY

100%

Pazukhin R.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2006

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vol. 48

95-110

EN

The aim of the article is to comment on the foundations of modern speech methodology. Modern speech theory rests on the concession that speech utterances are chains of discrete phonological units (individual 'sounds', 'phonemes', 'phones' etc.). Trying to unveil the postulated 'segments' in the continuous speech signal, three main versions of the speech segmentalism were proposed, based on the concepts of the 'microscopic', 'hidden' and 'mental' segmentation respectively. Vain pursuits for more than a hundred years have, however, discovered no trace of the sought 'segments' in speech flow. The crucial question of our speech investigations now remains: to proceed, or not to proceed any further, with this fruitless quest for 'speech segmentation'? The application of the so-called 'existential test' (an abstract analytic method used to appreciate the adequacy of empiric hypotheses) to the speech segmentation concept reveals the supposed 'phonological segments' being nothing more than self-contradictory methodological fiction. These 'segments' can never be found in speech wave.

6

LOGICKÁ (NE)KONZISTENTNOSŤ NORMATÍVNEHO SYSTÉMU A JEJ METODOLOGICKÉ KOREKCIE

80%

Gahér F., Števček M.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2016

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vol. 99

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issue 3

186 – 203

EN

The article is a part of a discussion about the meaning of logic in the area of law. The authors treating in a polemic way some common ideas and connotation of the term „legal logic“ – according to them there is a difference between a logic in a formal meaning, dealing with the structure of the nature language and methodology. In a situations, where formal logic seems to be insufficient to provide a solution of problems with the interpretation and/or application, correct methodology is only able to solve such problem. The authors of the outlined purposes briefly explicate core concepts, such as the normative system (as a set of relatively closed binding rules as defined segment of social relations), paying particular attention to the law system, further interpretative rules and methods (with interpretation, in general, is explaining the connection between the facts (actions) or the interpretation or clarification of the meaning of a particular text), logical consistency and inconsistency (a condition where the set of rules may or may not also draw the assertion and also a negation of this assertion). Inconsistency of normative texts can be either a logical inconsistency or methodological inconsistency. In addressing challenging legal matters, it is necessary to pass from the logic to the methodology, which, of course, logic and logical semantics remains necessary armature of reasoning.

7

Problém retrospektivní diagnostiky v dějinách lékařství

80%

Cerny K.

DVT - Dějiny věd a techniky (History of Sciences and Technology)

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2008

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vol. 41

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issue 3

145-154

EN

The paper was intended to be an introductory exposition for workshop about acceptability of a retrospective diagnosis. It deals with various methods used in the history of medicine, and with problems which are related to them. In the beginning it describes shortly development in the medical historiography that took place during the last three decades. It emphasizes those approaches which have not been discussed in the Czech ambient so far. The paper focuses above all on methods suggested by Jon Arrizabalaga, Giorgio Cosmacini, and Roy Porter. In other words it describes socio-constructivistic history of medicine and medicine that is seen using 'patient's view'. In the second part the paper describes how relativity in the modern approach affects the most basic terms of medicine: health, healing, illness, disease, etc. The aim is to show that once we leave secure area of institutional history or medical biographies we face a whole lot of serious obstacles.

8

Polityka w pięciu odsłonach: metatypologia zjawiska

80%

Czajowski A.

Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne

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2011

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vol. 12

5-25

EN

The notions of “politics” and “political character” are more intuitive than scientific. They make difficult any distinguishing what is general, universal or political. They have a lot of logical mistakes in the definitions of political phenomena and also of typological shortages of such behaviors, like the political ones. The researchers try to classify a variety of concepts of politics. These categorizations capture the politics as it is commonly seen. For these reasons, they are insufficient. We need a comprehensive typology, capable of introducing the discipline, more precision as to the classification criteria, without demonstrating what the politics is. Taking into account my previous remarks, I propose the following approaches to this phenomenon: 1. common; 2. material and ideological-doctrinaire; 3. theoretical; 4. methodological; 5. sectional. Only within such general types, one might classify the politics according to its constituent characteristics and its different understandings.

9

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEYS: VALIDITY, RELIABILITY AND FEASIBILITY

80%

Zach H.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2005

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vol. 37

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issue 3

275-291

EN

All questionnaires, regardless of what they measure, must demonstrate good performance with regard to psychometric properties. Psychometrics is a branch of survey research that has developed methods how to quantify errors in measurement because no matter how well is the questionnaire prepared, observed data bears except of desired true data also measurement errors. You should distinguish notion psychometrics from psychometrics used in sociological practice. There is no Slovak equivalent for psychometrics (as a branch of survey research) at the moment, although term psychometrics is common abroad and comprehended correctly. But we can also say we are introducing methodological requirements for data collected through the questionnaire surveys that should be satisfied prior to any statistical manipulation. Rehák (1998) noticed the quality of data determinate the quality of results. In general, questionnaires collecting research data should satisfy requirements of validity, reliability and feasibility. Criteria and standards in psychometrics are not defined as strict rules, but rather as ranges within you would expect certain indicators to fall if the questionnaire is operating correctly. Also the strict limit showing which and how many tests must be used to proof the quality of questionnaire is missing. According to the most of reviewed literature authors use the same set of tests that vary only in number of tests according to which psychometrics areas were tested. Methodology, how to test your quality of data collected through the questionnaire survey, is demonstrated on empirical Slovak data achieved through the Multi-country Survey Study (MCSS) questionnaire.

10

Méthode et pratique du portrait: sur les traces des traducteurs

80%

Whitfield A.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2012

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vol. 59

175-184

EN

This article describes the method and practice of the portrait as a means of acquiring a more profound appreciation for the complex values, goals and work process of literary translators. Based on empirical research, the portrait method brings together biographical material on the translator, bibliographical data on his/her translations, writings, and other texts or interviews on translation, information on his/her professional implication and activities, and details concerning his/her work process and relations with writers and publishers. However, the over-arching goal of the portrait is not simply to provide a compilation of the translator’s achievements, but to make inferences, through a holistic approach to the data, about his/her underlying motivations and aspirations, and by so doing, to better understand the meaning he/she attributes to his/her work. Portraits of Émilie du Châtelet, Hannah Josephson and Patricia Claxton illustrate how the open-ended portrait methodology can enlarge our understanding of the translation process.

11

Otsinky investytsiynoyi pryvablyvosti rehionu: porivnyal'nyy pofaktornyy analiz

80%

Petrovs'ka S. A.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2012

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vol. 2 (56)

90-97

EN

The existing scientific and methodological approaches to the evaluation of investment attractiveness of the region are considered. The comparative analysis of descriptive and rating methodologies, domestic approaches and methods of Western agencies is conducted. It was established that the rating methodologies are more visible in obtaining economic results, but do not take into account the regional aspect of the industry, and the methods of Western agencies overcome this shortcoming. It was determined that none of the methodologies do not fully take into account the environmental aspect of the investment attractiveness of the region.

12

LIBRETO AKO NÁČRT DEJÍN – ŠTEFAN DRUG A EXPOZÍCIA LITERATÚRA MEDZI DVOMA VOJNAMI (1968)

80%

Gavura J.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2017

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vol. 64

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issue 5

359 – 367

EN

In 1968 a literary critic Štefan Drug was commissioned to take a part in an exhibition covering Slovak literature since the beginning to contemporary times. He prepared a period of interwar literature which had been a matter of numerous deformations during 1950s and partly 1960s, however, he presented the period with respect to its variety and aesthetic achievements. Eventually it became a precise and concise outline of literary history, probably the most precise one at that time. Drug used to his advantage the form of an exhibition so he can make the presentation not only vivid but also flexible with latest available sources of research. In the outline he was able to return some authors banned from official literature and correct the image of others that had been altered in favour of political engagement of the Communist establishment. Even nowadays, fifty years from the exhibition itself, Drug’s outline is an example of deep understanding of the Slovak literature written in the interwar period, with only minor corrections needed.

13

FAMILY STUDIES METHOD IN BEHAVIOR GENETICS. REPLY TO EWA WITKOWSKA AND BARTOSZ WITKOWSKI

80%

Siwy H. A.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

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2007

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vol. 16

101-108

EN

The aim of this article is to discuss family studies method with its restrictions and to reply to the article placed in one of the previous volumes of the Psychology - Ethology - Genetics. The authors focused on reservations about construction and estimation of models used in the authoress research based on the family studies method. In response to comments model assumptions were discussed, relationships between particular variables were explained and estimation methods with statistical tests for model's goodness of fit were presented.

14

ASSESSING THE LEGITIMACY OF THE CHANGES OF COPYRIGHT WORKS. METHODOLOGICAL PREVIEW UNDER THE CZECH LAW (Posuzovani opravnenosti zmeny autorskeho dila. Metodicky nahled podle ceskeho prava)

80%

Telec I.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2010

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vol. 93

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issue 4

303-311

EN

The article is devoted to the legal assessment of the legitimacy of changes in eligibility of the copyright works under the Czech law. The article is structured as a methodological guide. Part of the paper deals with the description of the changes of the work (f. i. the modification) which occurred or to occur in the future. Other questions are focused on the practical or legal reasons for the modification of the works. Finally, the issues are focused on the different factual and creative elements of the work that are affected by changing of the work and on the influence of the changes to the aesthetic value of the copyright work.

15

KIERKEGAARD’S RELATION TO HEGEL AND QUELLENFORSCHUNG: SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

80%

Stewart J.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2013

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vol. 68

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issue 1

17 – 26

EN

This article attempts to demonstrate the advantages of using the methodology of Quellenforschung or source work research when approaching the corpus of Søren Kierkegaard. The field of Kierkegaard studies has been long dominated by a number of misconceptions concerning the Danish thinker’s relation to Hegel, which has almost invariably been portrayed as singularly negative and critical. This article applies source work research to three different passages from Kierkegaard’s primary texts, where his alleged polemic with Hegel is thought to be in evidence. However, when the actual sources of his criticisms are determined, an entirely different picture emerges and the role of Hegel fades into the background.

16

ČÍTANIE ODZADU: ČO NEMUSELO VYJSŤ, ALE VYŠLO

80%

Marcelli M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2012

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vol. 60

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issue 4

415 – 424

EN

This paper is concerned with the contributions which the review section of Slovak Ethnology published during the period from the journal’s inception to the end of the 1980s. Attention is focused on those reviews which were unforced, i.e. which drew attention to publications whose importance was not determined by the officially sanctioned plans for scholarly activity. The paper shows how these reviews, by drawing attention to foreign publications and projects, contributed to extending the research field and differentiating methodological premises.

17

Možnosti a meze korpusové lingvistiky

80%

Cvrček V., Kováříková D.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2011

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vol. 94

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issue 3

113-134

EN

This paper addresses two most common comments on corpus linguistics: 1) a corpus is merely a card file index in electronic form and 2) corpus linguistics covers only corpora construction and linguistic marking. We argue that a corpus consists of much more complex material and it can be exploited in unprecedented ways. In response to the second question, we point out that corpus linguistics is an independent linguistic discipline with substantial contributions to linguistic theory and language description.

18

On Selected Aspects of the Methodology of Social Media Surveying from the Viewpoint of Political Sciences

80%

Kyška R.

Communication Today

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

66–79

EN

Social media are becoming increasingly important tools of political communication which makes them the subject-matter of study of political sciences – not only in borderline disciplines such as political marketing or political communication, but also in political sciences and international relations. Existing expert publications mainly focus on surveying traditional media and usually do not reflect the reality of the continuously growing influence of social media; however, they tend to pay attention predominantly to the distinctiveness of the media space. The purpose of the article is to contribute to the discussion about methodology distinctions and even counter positions of such surveys through comparison with methods of surveying traditional media. Every contemporary researcher must cope with the largest amount of – relatively easily available – sources in the history of mankind. Online environment is characterised by high degree of innovativeness related to the process of continuous transformation; compared to traditional media, the content of social media is unstable and it is necessary to put much higher demands on the context of online contents and relevancy of information sources. The study points out methodology risks that should be reflected mainly in the preparatory stage of surveys, e.g. when determining the selection sample, construction of categories of the content, or media, which are to be surveyed, as well as the setting of coding system. Due to the abundance of various content types, it is getting increasingly difficult to distinguish the relevant from the trivial. It requires much more intensive preparation of the researcher who must be aware of different environments and understand the methodology of differences surveyed by the study.

19

TEORETICKÉ A METODOLOGICKÉ VÝCHODISKÁ ROZVOJA SOCIÁLNEJ EKONOMIKY

80%

Korimová G.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2008

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vol. 56

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issue 3

311-325

EN

Global and integration processes as well as the social trends of modern democracy of the last century (and also the current one) caused that Europe has been going through the crucial changes in both economy and social sphere. This process combines old problems with new ones. The biggest and the most permanent problem of socio-economy is unemployment, which determines the growth of poverty and then unacceptable rise of social exclusion of population. The aim of this paper is to define basic issues of development in the field of social economy as a perspective interdisciplinary scientific field. Social economy gives us the alternative models and practical solutions of proposed issues. For the first time we tried to define fundamental features of social economy - its aims, subject, principles and scientific methods and we suggest its future development.

20

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RECENT EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON ACADEMIC MIGRATION

80%

Mucha J., Łuczaj K.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2014

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vol. 40

|

issue 4(154)

5-24

EN

The aim of this paper is to discuss the most important methodological issues related to the study of ‘academic migration’, which we have encountered while preparing a research project on foreign-born academics in Poland. These issues are presented in the context of the migration of other highly skilled workers. Many of the analysed articles which concern migration of the highly skilled fall into methodological traps. Some do not take into account important cultural variables; others are concentrated on very specific problems, and – by employing sophisticated statistical techniques – provide conclusions of very limited generality. We start our analysis with the discussion of the most common research problems. Then we move on to discussing sources of data and methodologies. The last part summarizes the main advantages and disadvantages of various methodological approaches often employed in academic migration studies. This study allows us to outline our above-mentioned research proposal. Drawing on this example we show how a qualitative research project may add to current knowledge concerning the group in question. Nevertheless, this subject is diffi cult per se, and some challenges seem impossible to overcome.

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