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Spór o status poznawczy hipotezy uszkodzeń reperfuzyjnych we współczesnej kardiologii

100%
Rzepiński T.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2011
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vol. 47
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issue 1(187)
87-112
EN
This article presents selected aspects of the discussion on the cognitive status of explanatory hypotheses that were formulated at the end of the 20th century in cardiology in relation to abnormal phenomena observed in clinical practice. The aim is to provide a critical analysis of the validation process for such hypotheses. We are going to point out how their formulation contributed to the creation of three dimensions of the dispute: methodological, ontological and pragmatic. We will argue for the two theses. Firstly, due to the non-falsifiability of formulated explanatory hypotheses an instrumental attitude was adopted. Secondly, it will be demonstrated that adopted cognitive attitudes influenced the evaluation of clinical situations, and as a result, they had an impact on the decision-making process.
2

O potřebě lingvistické (meta)historiografie

100%
Nagy M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2010
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vol. 93
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issue 4-5
211-229
EN
The present article reflects basic questions, problems and findings of the historiography of linguistics on the background of historiography of science. The first part deals with the reasons and motivations for such activity and presents some general information about the history, development and contemporary state of the historiography and metahistoriography of linguistics and their relevance. The second part articulates some methodological postulates for work in the field of linguistic historiography. The third part consists of an evaluation of Cerny's Dejiny lingvistiky and Kapitoly z dejin ceske jazykovedne bohemistiky by Pleskalova, Krcmova, Vecerka & Karlik against the background of the previous parts. The critique of the books in question should open debate on the state of Czech linguistic historiography and its awareness of international research trends and findings.
3

K ČEMU JE FILOSOFII LOGIKA A LOGICE FILOSOFIE

100%
Nevrkla S.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 4
383-388
EN
The paper outlines a brief history of the role of logic as it has been conceived in the system of European science, scholarship and culture. It also tries to answer the question, in which of those roles logic approved itself and in which it did not. Further, it examines the role that logic plays in our times, as well as its relation to the contemporary philosophy.
4

ČERNÍKOV PROJEKT METODOLÓGIE VIED: TEORETICKÁ RETROSPEKTÍVA

100%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2022
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vol. 77
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issue 8
575 – 589
EN
Václav Černík (1931 – 2017) was one of the founders of the modern philosophy of science in Slovakia. This paper focuses on his lifelong project of founding a Marxist methodology of science based on a reconstruction of Marx’s Capital. The project had three main pillars: (1) a theory of a new type of scientific law, (2) dialectics as a theory of philosophical categories, and (3) a historical account of types of rationality. In the paper, we contextualize the various stages of the project: from Černík’s early works on scientific laws and thought experiments to his attempt at constructing a system of categories, as well as publications in methodology after 1989. Our critical assessment shows that Černík was the first who deal with certain topics in the Slovak context. His approach had also certain advantages vis-à-vis with other attempts at the time, especially due to the author’s open-minded attitude to modern logic and Western philosophy of science. On the other hand, the project was never finished and it left a number of characteristic problems unsolved (e.g., the nature of dialectical contradictions, difficulties with using logical instruments to formulate philosophical intuitions).
5

TRACTATUS: POJETÍ PŘÍRODNÍCH ZÁKONŮ

88%
Dolák A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 4
301-304
EN
The paper deals with Wittgenstein's conception of the status of scientific laws (in particular the laws of natural sciences), as presented in his 'Tractatus logico-philosophicus'. The author finds Kantian motifs in the conception, namely conceiving scientific laws as an a priori contribution of reason. According to Wittgenstein, however, there could be many of such a priori 'grids', some of them simple, the other more complete, but none of them can be declared to be the definitive and the only accurate one. This is how Wittgenstein argues against another Kant's contribution, in particular against conceiving scientific laws as something universal and apodictically valid.
6

PREFACE: THE VARIETY OF RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES IN THE STUDY OF ARGUMENTATION

63%
Koszowy M.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2009
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issue 16(29)
7-14
EN
I characterize informal logic and argumentation theory as disciplines consisting of a great variety of research ideas, approaches, conceptual frameworks, and methods which allow to inquire into the complicated phenomenon of argumentation. Yet, the argumentative discourse constitutes a key subject of inquiry for disciplines which deal with various forms of language and reasoning. Among those disciplines there are: formal logic, semiotics, methodology of science and informatics. The articles included in this volume support the thesis that various approaches in the study of argumentation, despite of differences in methods of inquiry, try to realize a common research goal: elaborating tools, in particular (1) language and (2) methods, for analyzing and evaluating common-sense reasoning performed in an argumentative discourse. After discussing the content of the present volume I make some remarks on popularizing informal logic and argumentation theory in Poland.
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