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1

K OTÁZKE PLASTICKEJ VÝZDOBY NA AMFORÁCH KARPATSKÝCH MOHYLOVÝCH KULTÚR

100%
Godiš J.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2017
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vol. 21
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issue suppl.
79 - 96
EN
The paper deals with the question of the occurrence of significant plastic decoration in the form of so-called crow’s foot, on the amphora-shaped ceramic vessels associated with the Carpathian Tumulus Grave cultural complex. This type of decoration can be quite reliably identified within ceramic material from the early phase of the Middle Bronze Age, where various elements of the previous highly-developed culture pottery styles are significantly fading-away. Some researchers associated this peculiar decorative phenomenon exclusively with the Tumulus Grave Culture, but sufficient attention has not yet been given to the detailed analysis, which would confirm these views. The primary objective of the study is to analyse archaeological contexts in which the mentioned plastic ornament occurs and to specify acquaintances with the internal development of the ceramic inventory of the Carpathian Tumulus Grave cultural complex. Earlier reviews of culturally specific nature of this phenomenon are verified from the view of the current state of research. Some observations related to other variations of plastic decorative applications appearing on the amphora-shaped vessels of the Tumulus Grave Culture provenance are outlined in the last section of this paper. The results are confronted with the hypothesis of the gradual spread of cultural elements of the forming Tumulus Grave Culture from the Middle Danube area to the eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin (nowadays central Hungary and the Tisza region) during the early period of the Middle Bronze Age.
2

NÁLEZ BRONZOVEJ DÝKY Z CÍFERA-PÁCU, OKRES TRNAVA

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Mitáš V., Rajtár J., Tirpák J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue suppl 1
409 – 416
EN
The analysed short dagger with an unevenly rounded/trapezoidal blade base with four openings for rivets was discovered during the systematic surface prospection in the village of Cífer-Pác (Trnava district). X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) of the dagger’s surface confirms that it is made of tin bronze. With regard to the chemical composition of the dagger and typologically close finds of daggers from the Bronze Age in Slovakia and neighbouring territories, we can assume that the artefact was cast in the chronological period between stages BA2–BB1. The dagger from Cífer-Pác extends the group of bronze daggers as well as our knowledge of bronze metallurgy at the end of the Early Bronze Age/beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in Western Slovakia.
3

MOHYLOVÁ POHŘEBIŠTĚ STARŠÍ A STŘEDNÍ DOBY BRONZOVÉ V JIŽNÍCH ČECHÁCH. KONTINUITA NEBO DISKONTINUITA VYUŽÍVÁNÍ POHŘEBNÍCH AREÁLŮ?

100%
Chvojka O., Menšík P.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue suppl 1
247 – 255
EN
Burial mounds are considered as a typical monument of the Early and Middle Bronze Age in southern Bohemia, representing the only form of graves within BA–BC2 in the area. Although the existing literature has stated hundreds of burial mounds at dozens of cemeteries, after a critical review, only 19 burial mounds from 10 sites can be assigned to the Early Bronze Age, and further 73 burial mounds from 29 sites represent the Middle Bronze Age. Most of the mounds are polycultural, however, burying attributable to both the monitored periods can be unequivocally proven only within four mounds. Even so, an occasional continuity can be taken into account when thinking about using these funeral places.
4

ON THE BEGINNING OF THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE AT LOWER NITRA RIVER BASIN (Zum Beginn der mittleren Bronzezeit in unterem Nitra-Tal in der Slowakei)

100%
Benkovsky-Pivovarova Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2008
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vol. 56
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issue 2
255-267
EN
Occurrence of several types of bronze artefacts that are typical for the Tumulus Grave culture in the Madarovce culture milieu is dealt with in the contribution. In the Madarovce layer upper half at Nitriansky Hradok a pin with moulded shank and central perforation on neck was found apart from a sickle-shaped pin. From this site a dagger with trapezoid butt and four rivets comes as well. A dagger of the same shape from a Veterov culture site at Waidendorf has been dated by absolute dating to the period of Kosziderian horizon settlements existence in Hungarian Danubian basin. Sickle-shaped disc-headed pins with perforation on neck that occurred in Grave 17 at Svaty Peter and in hoards at Hodejov and Vyskovce had been influenced by the Wetzleinsdorf-type pins. Grave goods from Grave 48 at Svaty Peter included a modified Madarovce culture jug and an Onstmettingen-type razor, which belongs to the most easterly finds of razors of this type at all. The occurrence of the bronze artefacts dated to the older Tumulus Grave culture at both settlement at Nitriansly Hradok and the burial ground at Svaty Peter supports the interpretation of the above-mentioned necropolis as the representative of the group more than of the Madarovce culture phase. Casting moulds for wheel-shaped pendants from Nitriansky Hradok and for Speyer-type pins from the Lower-Austrian Boheimkirchen prove the opinions of the Speyer-type pins origin in the central Danubian basin. The remarkable fact is, however, that also wheel-headed pins from the graves 1/55 and 9/62 at Nove Zamky are recently the oldest representatives of the Luneburg group E type and of double pins with convergent eyelet. The pin from Grave 1/55 occurred accompanied by fish-bladder decorated bracelets; the pin from Grave 9/62 accompanied by a Madarovce-culture mug.
5

NOTES ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE LUSATIAN CULTURE IN SLOVAKIA

100%
Kujovský R.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 1
81 – 104
EN
Thye author provides a brief summary of the historical development of the Lusatian settlement in Slovakia. Following from the published results of archaeological investigations and surveys of settlements and burial grounds of the Lusatian culture, he uses information related to the burial rite, economic background and material expressions of social relations to suggest division of the development of individual stages. In the second part of the article, he specifies the material content of suggested individual stages of historical development using elements typical for the relevant period. The beginnings of the Lusatian settlement have been discussed by experts for decades. Analysing the cultural base from which it was created, the author has come to a conclusion that the origin of the studied culture in Slovakia can be dated back as early as the Middle Bronze Age. He does not doubt the importance of the Tumulus culture in crystallization of the Lusatian culture. However, he points to the fact, that it was only one of the elements in this process in the north of Slovakia. He monitors gradual territorial expansion of the Lusatian culture, its relations to the neighbouring cultures. He deals only marginally with the generally accepted significant status of the Lusatian culture in production of bronze artefacts in its prime period in the Later and Final Bronze ages in Slovakia. For chronological conclusions, he uses the shapes and decorative motifs on pottery more frequently. In his article, the author presents his opinion of gradual extinction of the Lusatian settlement in Slovakia in the Hallstatt period. He deals with the causes of this development and its possible regional results, without an attempt to provide a detailed analysis of its expressions. More exact conclusions regarding development of the Lusatian culture in individual Slovak regions in the Hallstatt period require extensive, mainly field, archaeological investigation.
6
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NÁLEZ POZDĹŽNE REBROVANÉHO NÁRAMKU Z DOBY BRONZOVEJ Z IŽE-LEÁNYVÁRU

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Rajtár J., Mitáš V., Mezey V.
Študijné zvesti
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2022
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vol. 69
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issue 2
249-260
EN
The article publishes the solitary find of a horizontally ribbed bracelet of tin bronze which was discovered in course of the revision excavation of the Roman castellum in the cadastral area of Iža village in 1979. Its presence at the site of Leányvár is generally explained by activities associated with construction and re-constructions of the military camp from the end of the 2nd–4th century. It is probably an ornament from a destroyed burial from the final Middle Bronze Age/beginning of the Late Bronze Age or a translocated settlement find from this period. Dating of the horizontally ribbed bracelet from Iža-Leányvár to stages BC2–BD1 follows from analogous finds from burial grounds in neighbouring countries and on identical bronze bracelets in the depot of Blučina 4 in Moravia in particular. A settlement find of a casting mould documenting regional production of bronze bracelets with three horizontal ribs is also mentioned.
7

STONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE FROM THE TELL SETTLEMENT OF FUZESABONY-OREG-DOMB

86%
Horváth T., Farkas-Petӧ A., Farkas I., Mihály J., Péterdi B.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2015
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vol. 63
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issue 1
31 – 62
EN
This article focuses on the stone materials of the tell settlement at Füzesabony-Öreg-domb considering their archaeological and geological importance. This multiproxy study is the first one that investigates a tell settlement’s stone assemblage from the Great Hungarian Plain (this part of Hungary lacks stone quarries). Therefore, this study helps us to understand the nature of stone raw materials of the Middle Bronze Age and the Füzesabony culture, and allows us to compare it with other Middle Bronze Age cultures (e. g. Vatya culture from Transdanubia). We described more than 150 pieces stone finds belong to the Füzesabony culture (ground stones, axes and adzes, whetstones, moulds and amber pearls) from the site with archaeological and petrographical aspects. Most of the implements came to light in the excavation campaigns from the 1930’s. According to the results most of the rocks were collectible in the North Hungarian Mountains (Mátra and Bükk) and on their foreground. Since these are common local or regional raw materials, their application in building was also widespread. Among the features and pottery, bone/antler, jewel (amber), metal (gold and bronze) finds excavated on the site we can find many well-made ones, indicating that they may have been made for the elit’s order, perhaps by local craftsmen who lived in the settlement. It is unfortunate and is highly regrettable that many finds are missing or were hold back from our scientific investigation. The detailed archaeological and petrographic analyses would help us to understand better the life of this small, original Füzesabony community on its eponym site.
8
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DOKLADY SEKUNDÁRNEHO NAVRŠOVANIA MOHÝL V STREDNEJ DOBE BRONZOVEJ V OBLASTI STREDNÉHO PODUNAJSKA

86%
Bobek P.
Študijné zvesti
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2016
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issue 60
31 - 49
EN
The contribution focuses on evidence of secondary interferences in the tumuli of the middle Bronze Age tumulus cultures related to the burials in the central Danube region. Tumuli showing certain anomalies in theirs usually regular ground plans and/or profiles or interferences in their stone cores have been investigated in the wider territory of central Europe. We can distinguish two types of such interferences. First one is embanked material on the part of a tumulus above the secondary burial. Such tumuli appear in Buková, Čeložnica and Pitten. The second type is repeated addition of new layers above the secondary burial which caused enlargement of the tumulus. With regard to the bad condition of remains and insufficient documentation, they can be definitely proved only in Pitten. Both above mentioned types of tumulus embankment occur as early as the beginning of the middle Bronze Age in Pitten. As for the territory of Moravia and Slovakia, they can be observed in the late periods of the middle Bronze Age. Numerous analogies, mainly from the Czech Republic, suggest their frequent use in the whole territory of tumulus cultures and this habit continues in the late Bronze Age. Several burials in tumuli show planned pair deposits. Contemporarity or close chronological sequence of depositing of burials connected with adjustments of the embankment can thus represent a certain form of pair burials.
9

ON THE OCCURRENCE OF POTTERY OF FOREIGN PROVENIENCE IN SOUTHWESTERN SLOVAKIA AT THE INCIPIENT MIDDLE BRONZE AGE (Poznamky k vyskytu keramiky cudzej proveniencie na juhozapadnom Slovensku pociatkom strednej doby bronzovej)

86%
Ozdani O.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 2
259-272
EN
The article presents the problem of occurrence of pottery of foreign provenience at the turn of the Early and Middle Bronze Ages in Slovakia from the point of view of a complex process that led to formation of a new quality - the so-called Tumulus cultures and oldest Urnfield cultures (the Suciu de Sus and Piliny cultures). This transformation process was reflected in lively trade and cultural contacts of the north Carpathian region with cultures of almost the whole Carpathian basin and probably also in movements or shifts of smaller ethnic groups from the south northward and from the east westward, what is evidenced by presence of foreign cultural elements or imports in collections of finds belonging to particular cultures. They are mostly finds of pottery from the north Balkan region of the Vatin-Vrsac-Girla Mare-Cirna cultural circle and from the area of Otomani culture spread at the north-eastern part of the Carpathian basin. Older finds of this kind were recently enriched with pottery of foreign provenience from further sites. Pottery from the both newly excavated sites reflects distinguishable heritage of the Otomani and Vatya cultures. Origin of decoration motifs of the so-called 'Litzen' decoration have to be sought in the north Balkan milieu of the Belegis I or Cruceni- Belegis cultures. As far as their chronology and cultural environment are concerned, these finds are connected with those from the necropolis in Dolny Peter from the sites in Muzla-Cenkov and Sutto and from the necropolis in Menfocsanak and they approximately coincide with younger phase of the Kosziderian horizon bronze hoards. The work also presents a problem in terminology, which is connected with appellation of the time horizon with occurrence of these finds in the south-western Slovak region by various researchers, such as the Old Tumulus stage of the Carpathian Tumulus culture; the Dolny Peter phase of the Madarovce culture; late or post-classic stage of the Madarovce culture. At the same time the time interval is proposed to be named the Madarovce culture - Tumulus culture horizon also in connection with its provable continuity of the local development in following stages of the Middle Bronze Age. Hence, this would be a time period that can be synchronized with the horizon of finds of the Rakospalota group of the Vatya culture, the Streda nad Bodrogom group of the Fuzesabony culture or with the transitional Otomani culture - Piliny culture horizon.
10
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SIEDLUNGSOBJEKTE AUS DER BRONZEZEIT IN NITRA AUF DER STRASSE MOSTNÁ ULICA

72%
Březinová G.
Študijné zvesti
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2010
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issue 48
21 - 42
EN
Nitra and its immediate surroundings were intensively settled during the entire Bronze Age. In the Early Bronze Age a fortified settlement existed on the castle hill, which had a significant position in the area of the middle Nitra basin. At the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, after the hill fort on the castle hill disappeared, the settlement moved to the area below the castle (Fig. 1), where a larger settlement is assumed to have existed. Finds from the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, especially pottery, were collected during all excavation seasons on Mostná street (1990-2009). In 2004, a section with structures and a part of a palisade was found, which on the basis of pottery can be dated to the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, BB1 stage. These finds are presented in this study. Vessel shapes include amphorae, amphora vases, pots, jugs, bowls, cups and food containers, which belong to the final stage of the Maďarovce culture and the early Carpathian tumulus culture. New features occur as a result of permeating foreign cultural groups. These features are common for the entire area of the Carpathian basin. Eastern influences are related to the Otomani culture, which likely affected also the occurrence of the Suciu de Sus culture.
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