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ANALYTICKÁ SOCIOLÓGIA: NIEKOĽKO METODOLOGICKÝCH INŠPIRÁCIÍ

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Schenk J.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 46
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issue 2
130 – 145
EN
In the article, the fundamental principles of analytical sociology are briefly introduced. As underlined, the contemporary analytical sociology based on social mechanism concept is closely connected to multi-agent (or agent-based) modelling. Three methodological inspirations which can be found in contemporary analytical sociology are discussed. The first one is dealing with Merton´s interpretation of Middle range theory. According to Hedström and Udehn, there are two basic dimensions of MRT: dimension of generality (explanandum) and dimension of isolation (explanans). In the next part, the model construction of theory is discussed and compared to the strategy of hypothetic-deductive theory construction. Finally, the issue of explanation based upon social mechanism is analysed. There are two fundamental approaches to solve the issue which can be found in the analytical sociology. Bunge´s approach (How does it work?) is compared to Boudon´s one (Why does it work?). The social mechanism underlying the social control process is introduced to demonstrate the idea that the answer to the question “how does it work?” can provide a non-trivial though not final explanation of social phenomena.
2

FORMALIZATION OF SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES: NECESSITY AND POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION (Formalizatsiia sotsiolohichnykh teorii: neobkhidnist ta mozhlyvosti zastosuvannia)

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Telychko T.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
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2010
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issue 3
154-172
EN
The article presents the need for formalization of sociological theories. Formalization is needed to test sociological theories, that is to define if theories fit data of researches, and, respectively, if theories describe or explain social reality well. Theory is considered as a set of concepts (that may be empirically measured) and relations between the concepts that in total describe or explain certain part of social reality; theory is represented as causal model which consists of a set of interrelated hypotheses. Formalization is regarded as the translation of verbal statement of the theory to the language of mathematical formulae. Difficulties and limitations of formalization of sociological theories are considered. Some technical aspects of formalization are specified due to use of quantitative data in verification process. General guidelines for formalization of sociological theories and rules of formalization of separate theoretical statements are inferred on the basis of works of researhers of theory formalization (H.Blalock, J.Gibbs, H.Zetterberg). Three cases of formalization of sociological theories and stages of formalization within each of these cases of formalization are suggested. These three cases are: a) formalization of sociological theories from verbal theories of sociologist(s) by researcher (group of researchers); b) formalization of theoretical assumptions of researcher when conducting sociological research; c) (re)formalization of theories that was made by other researchers in the past aimed to adapt to specific data.
3
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Dynamika ruchu odnowy w świetle teorii zachowania zbiorowego

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Sztompka P.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2011
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issue 1(200)
299-320
EN
In the article written in September 1981 r. the author undertakes an attempt of describing and explaining the processes of change at the turn of the 1980s in Poland, - which are called 'revival movement' in the text - by the application of the one of sociological middle range theories, i.e. the collective behavior theory, social movements theory in particular. Middle range theories posses the generalizing potential, while at the same time they maintain the ability of explaining concrete social processes. The author suggest that the role of theory is to supply the tools for describing the processes of change and explaining their mechanisms. According to the author the possibilities of making predictions are limited in Polish case, however. After drawing three pairs of oppositions that allow describing the revival movement analytically (genetic-current; group-process related; immanent-contextual), the author draws eight hypothesis: (1) sequential accumulation hypothesis; (2) dissociation hypothesis; (3) tolerance threshold hypothesis; (4) diffusion hypothesis; (5) system emergence hypothesis; (6) axiological consensus hypothesis; (7) actions rationalization hypothesis; (8) society's new polarization hypothesis. These hypotheses are designed as the basis for the theory of revival movement.
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