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MILLOVA MYLNÁ VÝHRADA PETITIO PRINCIPII VOČI DEDUKTÍVNEJ LOGIKE

100%

Gahér F.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

2019

vol. 74

issue 9

721 – 734

The critique of logic, as it was taught on the British Isles, intensified at the beginning of the 19th century. A systematic critique of Aristotelian (syllogistic) logic was undertaken from the standpoint of common sense philosophy chiefly by Scottish philosophers, followers of T. Reid. E. Copleston of Oxford came to logic’s defence. His student, R. Whately, later wrote the textbook Elements of Logic (1826), in which he replied to the objections of Scottish philosophers. The textbook correctly explains that systems of deductive logic need not suffer from the petitio principii fallacy. J. S. Mill at first wrote a positive review of the textbook, but later published his System of Logic. In it, he puts forward the contrary view when evaluating the role of Aristotelian (deductive logic), objecting to the supposedly irredeemable fallacy of petitio principii. The fallacy can be avoided, he argues, in an inductive logic proposed by him. Mill’s objection to the Aristotelian syllogism was based on a misunderstanding of the analytic novelty of the knowledge contained in the conclusion of a valid argument. Mill’s explication of logic is contradictory, based on an associative psychologism and sensualism. The objection against deductive logic is simply mistaken. Mill’s logic and his positions were very critically appraised already by S. Jevons and the standard overviews of the history of logic fail to mention it.

GENDER, SOUKROMÍ A INTERSUBJEKTIVITA: O PODDANSTVÍ ŽEN J. S. MILLA

86%

Hanyš M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

2018

vol. 73

issue 9

755 – 766

The study argues that Mill’s essay The Subjection of Women is a significant contribution to his ethical and socio-political thought. For his practical philosophy, the text is indispensable since it presents a more complex understanding of human being than given in his work On Liberty. The study argues that his later essay on the subjection of women implies a view of human being as inter-subjectivity. The human being is a vulnerable subject dependent on the relations with other people and society which forms its personality and character. Furtherly, the article argues that Mill’s essay implies a more complex understanding of privacy than one can find in On Liberty. The borderline between the private and the social or public sphere is not and cannot be impervious, as the separate reading of the book On Liberty might suggest. Last but not least, the study shows that a question of emancipation and gender equality is nothing of secondary importance to Mill since the realization of the utilitarian ethics requires the transformation of human beings and alternation of characters, which is not achievable in the condition of radical inequality.

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MILLOVA MYLNÁ VÝHRADA PETITIO PRINCIPII VOČI DEDUKTÍVNEJ LOGIKE

GENDER, SOUKROMÍ A INTERSUBJEKTIVITA: O PODDANSTVÍ ŽEN J. S. MILLA