The aim of the article is to elucidate the polysemy of Slovak modal verbs from the point of view of G. Lakoff 's prototypes. The process of grammaticalization has shown that high polysemy is the common denominator of basic modal verbs in Slavic languages. Moreover, it has helped to uncover the primary/original grammatical function of the full meaning verb have with a specific lexical meaning of possession.
The aim of this paper is to show what means are used to express voluntative modality in the Bengali language. The article presents a detailed analysis of lexico-syntactic means (modal verbs and modal auxiliaries in construction with infinitives or verbal nouns), of morphological means (the moods), and of lexical means (verbs, nouns, and adjectives). It shows that the means of expressing voluntative modality in Bengali are numerous and varied. Most frequently they express various shades of specific modal relations. On the other hand, one and the same modal expression can be used to express various kinds of modal meaning (for instance, the notional verb in the infinitive form combined with the verb para can express possibility, permissibility as well as ability to perform an action).
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