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Problém vztahu tradice a modernity v maďarské společnosti

100%
Irmanova E.
Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)
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2006
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issue Sp. Ed.
19-72
EN
Since the 19th century the tension between modernizing processes and the terms like tradition, patriotism, and nation have become the constant feature of the development of modern Hungarian society. The dispute between 'modern' and 'traditional' culminated usually during great national crises. Paradoxically, the language of the dispute made possible the use of the word 'modernization' against real modernization, when the effort to raise the nation was undertaken in the name of defence of national values against 'cosmopolitan' modernity coming from abroad, or when the Hungarian nation was defending its 'traditional progressiveness' against the national demands of 'backward' non-Hungarian nations. The effort to find the balance between 'general' democratic and 'particular' national principles have permeated programmes of all significant political parties throughout the 19-20th centuries. The achieved consensus in this matter served also as one of the arguments supporting the decision to accept integration of Hungary into NATO and the EU, and, on the other hand, the Hungarians perceived both integrations as historically unique opportunity to resolve traditional tensions between 'progress and patriotism'.
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Polsko: modernizace jako naštípnutá tradice

100%
Vykoukal J.
Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)
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2006
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issue Sp. Ed.
73-99
EN
The problem of tradition and modernity is one of the key themes of modern Polish history. It was caused by the strong and persistent dominance of political culture, which established itself on the basis of the norms of the noble society. In this form and for a long time it loomed over other opportunities for development as a possible inspiration and binding framework. A high frequency of political crises and a weak modernising balance contributed to the fact that these models remained functional well into the 20th century. There bearers were the political and cultural elite (inteligencja), which formed as informal structures, however, they operated in formal institutional frameworks. Owing to their origins, they prevented, to a certain degree, the process of modernisation, which infringed on their historical identity. Therefore, other social groups benefited from this process, which made it difficult for these groups to enter politics without direct ties to the elite or mental dependence on their models. Politics thus partially paradoxically contradicted modernisation because they were two wholes with different internal constructs.
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