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ASL (Arterial Spin Labeling) – historical and current perfusion MR methods

100%
Wiesław Guz W., Zuzanna Bober Z., Łukasz Ożóg Ł., Adrian Truszkiewicz A., Aneta Przypek A., David Aebisher D., Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher D., Andrzej Urbanik A.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2017
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issue 2
145-150
EN
Despite continuous scientific and technological advances in MR imaging, MR perfusion methods have not yet been widely deployed for routine clinical diagnostics. This is especially true for ASL (arterial spin labelling) methods used to evaluate cerebral perfusion. This method does not require a contrast agent, as new discoveries about gadolinium accumulation in the cerebellum and brain nucleus appear to be a valuable asset and provide the opportunity to be more widely deployed in clinical practice. The aim of this paper is to present the historical determinants of the development of MR perfusion techniques, the disadvantages and advantages and possible clinical applications and prospects of ASL development. Both historical articles published on MR in the 1990s and current research between 2006-2016 have been reviewed. The authors present in the work the MR perfusion method focusing on issues related to arterial spin labeling (ASL). Historically CASL (continuous ASL) and PCSL (pulsed ASL) techniques have been described and the pseudocontinuous ASL (pseudocontinuous ASL) 3D technique presents its technical and methodological considerations, advantages and disadvantages over previous methods. The methods of test protocol optimization and accompanying artifacts, as well as possible clinical applications and development perspectives, have been described.
2
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Clinical application of advanced neuroimaging techniques – Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

100%
Wiesław Guz W., Zuzanna Bober Z., Łukasz Ożóg Ł., Adrian Truszkiewicz A., Aneta Przypek A., David Aebisher D., Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher D., Andrzej Urbanik A.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2017
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issue 2
133-140
EN
Continuous scientific research and the increasing saturation of the medical market in Poland implements the possibilities of using advanced MR techniques including MRS in everyday practice. This method, which has so far been used primarily for research purposes, can bring measurable benefits to patients not only in terms of clarifying diagnosis and narrowing differential diagnosis, but also monitoring the course of various diseases and their treatment. Here we present the basic principles of performing and interpreting spectroscopic spectra and possible clinical applications and development prospects of MRS. The literature reviewed both Polish and foreign articles both historically and in the past 10 years. The paper presents methodological issues related to the proper performance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectral composition and the role of major metabolites, as well as current clinical applications and directions of MRS development.
3
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On Some Language Extension of Logic MR: A Semantic and Tableau Approach

87%
Jarmużek T., Parol A.
Roczniki Filozoficzne
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 4
345-366
EN
In the article we present an extension of the minimal, normal positional logic, i.e., the logic with realization operator MR. Positional logic is a philosophical logic that makes it possible to relate sentences to contexts that can be understood in many ways. We enrich the basic language of minimal positional logic with additional expressions built with predicates and positional constants. We also accept expressions built with the realization operator and many positions, like: Thanks to this, we increased the expressivity of minimal positional logic. In the article we point to many examples of the fact that, thanks to this small change, complex theories based on the proposed extension can be created. As a theory of proof for our logic, we assume tableau methods, showing soundness and completeness theorems. At the end, however, we show that the logic studied here is only a language extension of the MR: all theorems of the extension have their equivalents in pure MR theorems. However, theories built upon the proposed extension can express much more than theories built upon pure MR.
PL
O pewnym językowym rozszerzeniu logiki MR: podejście semantyczne i tabelau W artykule przedstawiamy rozszerzenie minimalnej, normalnej logiki pozycyjnej, czyli logiki z operatorem realizacji. Logika pozycyjna to logika filozoficzna, która umożliwia odniesienie zdań do kontekstów, które można rozumieć na wiele sposobów. Wzbogacamy podstawowy język minimalnej logiki pozycyjnej o dodatkowe wyrażenia zbudowane z predykatów i stałych pozycyjnych. Akceptujemy również wyrażenia zbudowane z operatorem realizacji oraz wiele pozycji, takich jak: Dzięki temu zwiększyliśmy wyrazistość minimalnej logiki pozycyjnej. W artykule wskazujemy na wiele przykładów na to, że dzięki tej niewielkiej zmianie mogą powstać złożone teorie oparte na proponowanym rozszerzeniu. Jako teorię dowodu dla naszej logiki zakładamy metody tableau, pokazujące twierdzenia o poprawności i zupełności. Na koniec jednak pokazujemy, że badana tutaj logika jest tylko rozszerzeniem językowym MR: wszystkie twierdzenia o przedłużeniu mają swoje odpowiedniki w czystych twierdzeniach MR. Jednak teorie oparte na proponowanym rozszerzeniu mogą wyrazić znacznie więcej niż teorie oparte na czystej MR.
4
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Wpływ wirtualnej rzeczywistości na różne aspekty współczesnego życia

71%
Bigos N.
Eruditio et Ars
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2022
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vol. 5
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issue 2
230-240
EN
The article introduces a phenomenon of virtual reality and its significant impact on numerous branches of human existence. The author presents the essence of the phenomenon of VR technology and technological issues for its perception. Virtual reality has permanently entered many areas of life, not only related to entertainment, but also in such areas as military, medicine, architecture, education or art and its fields. Events from the past are brought up here to visualize better the issue, such as the art of the artist Luc Courchesne, in combination with the latest achievements of developing technology. The article presents application of current solution with the use of VR, like the entry of technology into the area of contemporary design, fashion, different forms of sales. The presentation of a wide range of usage of virtual reality and developments trends has been contrasted with its negative effects of its overuse. The article draws attention to the necessity of a critical approach to the novelty that is still VR. Illness, addiction and the inability to distinguish between reality and fiction are among the many dangers and side effect. The article aims to bring closer the phenomenon of VR from many points of view, which is already inseparable from the contemporary human life.
PL
Artykuł przybliża zjawisko wirtualnej rzeczywistości oraz jego znaczącego wpływu na liczne gałęzie ludzkiej egzystencji. Autorka przedstawia istotę fenomenu technologii VR i zagadnienia techniczne służące do jej odbioru. Wirtualna rzeczywistość trwale wkroczyła do wielu dziedzin życia, nie tylko tych związanych z rozrywką, ale też takich, jak wojskowość, medycyna, architektura, edukacja czy sztuka i jej dziedziny. Lepszemu zobrazowaniu zagadnienia służy przybliżenie wydarzeń dawniejszych, o charakterze prekursorskim, jak na przykład sztuka artysty Luca Courchesne’a, w połączeniu z najnowszymi osiągnięciami rozwijającej się technologii. Artykuł wskazuje zastosowanie aktualnych rozwiązań z użyciem VR, jak na przykład wkroczenie technologii do obszaru współczesnego projektowania, mody, form sprzedaży. Prezentacja szerokiego zakresu wykorzystania wirtualnej rzeczywistości i tendencji rozwojowych skontrastowana została z jej negatywnymi skutkami nadużywania. W artykule zwraca się uwagę na konieczność krytycznego podejścia do nowości, jaką wciąż jest VR. Choroby, uzależnienie, nieumiejętność rozróżnienia fikcji od realności są jednymi z wielu zagrożeń i ubocznych skutków. Artykuł ma na celu próbę przybliżenia kwestii VR z wielu punktów widzenia, jako zjawiska już nierozłącznie związanego z życiem człowieka.
5
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Analiza wypowiedzi pracowników domów opieki społecznej na temat ich własnego sposobu rozumienia i doświadczania dorosłości przez podopiecznych

63%
Myśliwczyk I.
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
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2017
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issue 17
143-158
EN
Experiencing the institution by adults with intellectual disability still evokes controversy in source literature. The study presents the results of the research based on the analysis of narratives by nursing home workers. The reality they experience revealed the ‘subjective truth’ about the adulthood of intellectually disabled people. The analysis of the narratives showed personnel’s work that can support, initiate and shape the lives of adults in the institution or can impair their functioning to such an extent that they become passive, withdrawn and isolated. Experiencing the institution, intellectually disabled adults more frequently face limitations that affect their lives and shape them according to a particular pattern. The adulthood of intellectually disabled people depends on the personnel’s approach and attitude towards this group.
PL
Experiencing institutions by adults with mental retardation still evokes controversy in literature. The study presents the results of the research on the analysis of narratives by long-term care centre workers. The reality they experienced revealed ‘subjective truth’ about adult lives of mentally retarded people. The analysis of the narratives showed both the personnel’s work which can support, initiate and create adult lives in institution and work which can impair people’s functioning to such an extent that they become passive, withdrawn and isolated. More often mentally retarded adults in institutions experience limitations which affect their lives and create them according to a particular pattern. The lives of adults with mental retardation depend on personnel’s approach and attitude towards a group.
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