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HOW DO WE UNDERSTAND MULTICULTURAL WORD

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EN
The article presents the issue of different meanings of the terms 'multiculturality' and 'multiculturalism', which we associate with contemporary fashion for, and promotion of, cultural diversity. The author deals with historical contexts of meaning of multiculturality as the way of maintenance of one's own style of life in different ethnic territories. Next he discusses qualitative changes when we speak about multiculturality predominantly in the context of the city and metropolitan culture. The second part of the article focuses on the issue of commodization of signs denoting cultural diversity as one of the major indicators of current 'consuming' of multiculturality as a value which deserves to be promoted in the educational and commercial fields.
EN
Te article aims at inquiring whether using the category of 'multiculturality' in the analysis of the contemporary Polish society is at all meaningful. Building on the material from ethnographic feldwork carried in an ethnically and religiously diverse community, it argues that the study of diversity in Poland needs to take into consideration one basic fact: namely to recognize that diversity in Poland has been developing in the context of one dominant culture and that this context strongly infuences the relations between the majority and the minorities. In so doing, the article demonstrates that not only does the category of 'multiculturalism' is misused in the Polish scholarly discourse, but that it obscures the problem of domination and, rather than promoting diversity, it consolidates a view of a monocultural society.
EN
Post-Yugoslav prose published in Poland after the year 1990, despite its simplistic reception by Poles, complicates the simple, nationalistic image of political divisions that had followed the collapse of Yugoslavia. Literary representations of Sarajevo conceived of as a space that is complex both ethnically and culturally becomes a perfect symbol of multi-cultural and trans-cultural dependencies. Consequently, the city shown in disseminational contexts violates the iconic image of the Balkans that is over-represented in mainstream Polish reception and supported by ethno-national categories overused by the media and popular magazines.
EN
In this essay I am refecting on the overwhelmingly economic character of values and imaginaries demonstrated in the context of acceptance or rejection of the Cultural Others – ethnic minorities members and migrants – in the contemporary societies of nation-states declaring (or, like Poland, implicitly performing) the multiculturalistic attitudes. I indicate that in these countries two rules – of imagined familiarity and imagined utility, both in the sauce of economic axiology – are being used in the contemporary public discourse as an articulation of the existence legitimacy for those who may be indicated and labelled as somehow diferent and specifcally “non-native”. I argue that these imaginaries and increasingly economic grounds of group, as well as individual, meaning and worth assessment are also a justifcation of the social groups uneven treatment in spite of ofcial recognising the anti-discriminatory and multiculturalistic rules. Te Polish afrmative action addressed to the natives is given here as an example of carelessness and negligence in law establishing - bearing in mind the genesis of Poland’s relative ethno-cultural homogeneity and democracy - that may occur very troublesome in the context of growing multiculturality.
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