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EN
In this lecture given at the Congress of the German Sociological Society in November 2004 in Munchen in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the publication of the Max Weber's book 'Protestant Ethic' the author put the question, what is the significance, if any, Weber's comparative civilizational analysis for the analysis of modernity, especially of the contemporary world of multiple modernities and intensive globalization. Answering this question he uses Weberian conception of axial civilization. In conclusion he says that his own analysis, while going beyond Weber, builds very much on his vision and insight, although the concrete contours of the contemporary situation naturally differs greatly from those of the societies Weber studied.
EN
The article deals with some key arguments in Pavel Machonin's book 'Czech Society and Sociological Knowledge', but does not review the whole book. Critical comments focus on four themes. Machonin's conception of sociology as a discipline and a tradition does not do full justice to the inherent pluralism of the sociological imagination. It is useful to link sociological debates to the ideological contest between socialism (more particularly Marxism) and liberalism, but this problematic is more complex than Machonin's analyses tend to suggest; that applies, in particular, to the interpretations of freedom and equality as fundamental modern values. Machonin's attempt to reconstruct modernization theory is open to some criticisms, especially with regard to the debate on 'multiple modernities'. Finally, the concept of state socialism does not help to grasp the complex patterns of modernity that developed under Communist rule.
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