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SCHELLENFUNDE AUS DEM AWARISCHEN GRÄBERFELD VON VÖSENDORF-LAXENBURGERSTRAßE, ÖSTERREICH

100%
Pomberger B. M., Stadler P.
Študijné zvesti
|
2018
|
issue 63
125 - 146
EN
The Avar necropolis of Vösendorf is located near the strong frequented main road Laxenburgerstrasse, on a slight slope. It contains 443 burials from the middle Avar period until the very late Avar period. Beside objects which belonged to the costumes of the buried, weapons and pottery, some idiophones of metal – bells and pellet bells – were detected. The pellet bells were cast in bronze, made of iron or of bronze sheet. Small pebbles served as rattle balls. The metal rattles have to be classified to the group of vessel rattles after the classification of instruments of Hornbostel and Sachs. In the graves 9 and 532 they clearly belonged to the dead and were found near their hips. Probably the pellet bells served as sounding apotropaic amulets and were worn in small bags made of organic material, fastened on the belts. Researching other burials with pellet bells found in necropolis from Lower Austria, Hungary and Slovakia, we found out, that predominantly children and women had metal rattles and only a few men. The rattle from burial 525 might belong to the horse gear and not to the man. Bronze sheet pellet bells mostly are detected together with horse skeletons. The idiophone of burial 715, a horse man’s burial with his horse, was part of the horse gear and decorated the strap on the front (headband). Two pellet bells could be examined acoustically and show very high sounds low sound levels and low ranges. Pellet bells appear from phase Middle Avar II on and were used until the very late Avar time.
2

PELLET BELLS FROM THE AVAR AGE CEMETERIES OF KOMÁRNO

100%
Pomberger B. M., Muhlhans J., Saunderson K., Gromer K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
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vol. 69
|
issue 1
99 – 131
EN
The pellet bells from 15 graves of the Avar cemeteries Komárno IV, VIII and IX were examined for their position in the graves, their types, their acoustic and psychoacoustic parameters and their metallurgical compositions within the framework of the research project ‘Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe’. Based on the results, assumptions could be made about their functions. Burials with pellet bells are only a minority among all the total amount of burials of all three cemeteries together and date from the middle Avar period II onwards. Only five graves belonged to children. These pellet bells can be interpreted as amulets and rather silent signal instruments, fixed on the clothes of the persons. The other ten graves belonged to horsemen and their horses. These pellet bells were part of the horse harness and served as jewellery, warning signal instrument and amulet. Most of the pellet bells were hammered of bronze sheet, and followed by those cast in bronze. But there are also pellet bells hammered of iron, copper and brass sheet. Their main frequencies could be determined between 1.5 – 4.5 kHz. Acoustic and psychoacoustic parameters can help to identify also similarities and differences between the objects and to get an idea of the actual sound. Especially loudness and level can also be used to draw conclusions about the use of the objects. A video with the original sounds of the pellet bells was created and loaded up on the internet platform Youtube: ‘Pellet Bells from the Avar Period in Komárno’.
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