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1

SADC’S INTERVENTION AND RELAPSE IN MADAGASCAR’S POLITICAL CRISIS 2009-2014 AND THE REVEALED ROLE OF FRANCE?

100%

Rupiya M.

Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

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2017

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vol. 2(9) Security Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa

101-120

EN

This article is a reinterpretation of the unconstitutional change of government in Madagascar between March 2009 and October 2014 plaguing the country into a political and security crisis. The chain of events had begun with the forced removal from power of the incumbent, President Marc Ravalomanana on 17 March 2009. Barely three days later, the leader of the civil society protest group, Andry Rajoelina, announcing that he had assumed power and the presidency. Almost immediately, the sub-regional body, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) during its Extraordinary Summit in Swaziland on 30th March 2009, invoked Article 30 of the July 2002, African Union (AU)’s Constitutive Act, suspending Madagascar’s membership and imposing sanctions until the constitutional order was restored. SADC’s mandate to intervene in order to maintain peace and security in any of the fifteen Member-States was provided under Article 4 (h) and 4 (j) of the AU’s Constitutive Act. Adopting the position taken by SADC, imposing sanctions on the political developments that involved the military unconstitutional change of government, the AU, the United Nations, the European Union (EU), the Organization of Francophonie States (OIF) and the United States also followed suit, effectively isolating the island state from continental and global, diplomatic, economic relations. However, what was not clear then was the role France had played behind the scenes in creating the crisis. Furthermore, it was not fully appreciated how Paris continued to influence and undermining the SADC intervention throughout the period of impasse. It was only at the end of the impasses, when Paris’ proxy and protégé was installed back in power that this became apparent. The common thread running through the French intervention was to dissuade SADC from adopting military measures to restore constitutional order. In achieving this constant, France had invited the United States to become complicit in propping up its foreign policy interests towards perpetuating its “le village Francafriquie” policy in Madagascar, Mayotte and Reunion.

2

Education and subjective well-being. Observations from Madagascar

100%

Klein M.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2021

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vol. 25

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issue 3

XX

This paper examines the association between education and subjective well-being (SWB). To this end, the data collected during the My Baobab Foundation's (FMB) operations in Madagascar in 2007-2020 are analyzed a posteriori. The paper ofers some insight into what is required for a lowincome country to follow the pathway to education, and examines how educational eforts can translate into an improvement in SWB.

3

Tromba - kult nawiedzenia i transu na Madagaskarze. Próba interpretacji

89%

KRZYŻOSTANIAK G.

Annales Missiologici Posnanienses

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2010

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issue 17

89-106

EN

Le culte de posession et transe (tromba) est connue dans tout Madagascar. Toutefois, les chercheurs sont generalement d’accord qu’elle a son origine au sein du groupe ethnique Sakalava residant partie nord-ouest de Madagascar. Auteur en commenęant par la clarification de la terminologie decrit le processus rituel lui-meme, qui comporte cinq etapes, dont le but est de reveler l’esprit-tromba dans le corps humain “possede”. Le medium (saha) joue un role principal dans dans le ritual du tromba. L’ auteur presente les differentes interpretations du tromba. Il conclut que phenomene du tromba est complexe. C’est donc le culte de posession et transe, et la communication avec les ancetres (razana). Tromba a indeniablement des qualites therapeutiques et il semble qu’elle a un caractere syncretique.

4

Madagaskar nad przepaścią. Obraz rozpadającego się świata w nowelach Raharimanany

88%

Kalinowska E.

Afryka

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2015

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issue 42

63-78

EN

This paper aims to shed light on short stories of Raharimanana – a Malagasy writer, poet, playwright and novelist (born in 1967) – as well as the image of reality of Madagascar and its inhabitants. The analysis is based on two literary works by Raharimanana, which are ones of his earliest: the series of short stories – Lucarne (1996) and Rêves sous le linceul (1998). The author analyses the situation of his mother island by pointing out all its dark sides: poverty, dirt, abjection and squalor. Human beings are wandering in the moral and material darkness; no hope of a feasible exit seems possible; there are hardly ever any signs of tenderness or love visible. Raharimanana’s style, with its rhetorical forms and a specific vocabulary, enhances the expression of his short stories and the image of Madagascar that they reflect.

5

Madagascar - an island or a continent? On the notions of 'island' and 'insularity'

88%

Jędrusik M., Szmajda D.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2008

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vol. 13

251-258

EN

The impreciseness and conjectural character of the notions of island and continent have been the subject of many debates. Most researchers agree that unique features of an island include isolation and significant linkages between the economy and life of the inhabitants with the sea. Some characteristic features are related to spatial development and a concentration of towns and the transport network near the sea. However, Madagascar, which is regarded as an island in all kinds of classifications, fulfils only some of the above criteria. As far as the natural life is concerned, some consequences of spatial isolation can be observed, particularly the predominance of endemic and relict species in the fauna and flora, whereas in the economic and social sphere, Madagascar reveals features which are characteristic of continents. Is therefore Madagascar rightly considered an island?

6

Nosy Be (Madagascar) and the neighbouring islands versus tourism development

88%

Jędrusik M. H.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2019

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vol. 23

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issue 1

23-32

EN

Madagascar is one of the trendiest holiday destinations. One of two key destinations is Nosy Be and surrounding smaller islands. It can be considered a local tourist hub. This work aims to illustrate the variability of the region's tourism evolution in reference to Butler's concept, and to specify circumstances characteristic of tropical islands, especially in less developed countries. Typology of islands has been performed according to level of tourism development; moreover, the brief evolution of post-1960s tourism development was assessed. The archipelago's evolutionary stages of tourism development are significantly diversified, evolution has been non-linear and not always unidirectional. It is dificult to observe all stages of the cycle. The stage tends to be hard to determine, evolutionary pace tends to vary, and some stages are absent. Regional under-development and external factors may cause a regression in development. No stage changes were observed on most islands where enclave tourism developed.

7

‘Jews to Madagascar’: Poland in the face of ethnical problems in the 1930s

88%

Trębacz Z.

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2021

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vol. 28

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issue 1

9-24

EN

The idea of deporting the Jewish population of Europe was part of a modern anti-Semitism. Poland was no exception in this regard. Under the influence of other countries implementing anti-Jewish laws, also Polish anti-Semitism became more radical. After 1935, such postulates were openly expressed as the policy of the Polish government has changed its character – from state to national. Additionally, due to the global economic crisis the idea began to be taken far more seriously not just in national Catholic circles. The resettlement of Jews was seen as the way to reduce unemployment and to ‘Polonise’ Polish cities, as masses of poor peasants could replaced the Jewish workers as far as trade and craftsmanship were concerned. The authors of immigration plans for European Jews suggested evacuating them most willingly to uncivilised countries – including Madagascar (a French colony) – due to the fact that their lands were either not used at all or only used to an insufficient and inadequate extent. In Poland, the idea was first adopted in 1926 as a solution to the problem of overpopulation in rural areas. However, the conditions on the island did not allow settlement and soon the idea fell through. Yet it came back a decade later as a proposal of deporting exclusively Polish Jews. At the time, the project was taken much more seriously and in 1937 the Polish government commissioned a task force to examine the possibility of settling in Madagascar and to evaluate the island’s potential, in particular its climate and labour conditions. But the reports of the commission members were full of contradictions and the French were showing growing caution on the matter.

8

Roman autobiographique ou « biographie pour soi » ? Revenir de Jean Luc Raharimanana, ou la fin du commencement

75%

Zatorska I.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2020

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vol. 9

367-376

EN

Instead of the cliché, “How can one be a Madagascan?,” I would suggest reversing the question, so, “How can one not be a Madagascan?”. But what would a Madagascan say constitutes being a Madagascan? The journey of the individual, marked by the awareness of a particular place – “La Grande Terre” for the inhabitants, the Red Island for foreigners − by his gestures and his beliefs, could take on an exemplary anthropological value, but under what conditions? Revenir (The Return), Raharimanana’s last and autobiographical novel (he was born in 1967), will provide the starting-point of our enquiry.Actually, Revenir is a fictionalized autobiography, since its hero, Hira, has a different name from that of the author. Or one could call it a “Biography for oneself,” to use the terminology of Dominique Viart, who defines such a work as an “indirect autobiography” or a “biography as a method,” the indirectness corresponding here to the story of his father’s life; his father had hidden his early years (an unhappy childhood) and got his son unwittingly to take on the role of family chronicler, or of writer for the public at large. The end of the story thus becomes a beginning − the history of the parental relationships − which is told at the end of the narrative. All in order to demonstrate the inextricable intertwining of two destinies: that of the father and that of the son. Thus the “story of the filiation” becomes an “(auto)biographical work of fiction” and vice-versa. And there is a third subject (object) of the action, the history of Madagascar, for which both the father and the son are spokesmen.Translated by Mark Waddicor

9

Evolution and Challenges of Higher Education in Madagascar

71%

Djistera A. A.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio N – Educatio Nova

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2019

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issue 4

EN

This paper aims to contribute to the reflections on the expansion and the role of higher education in Africa. We analysed the evolution of the total number of students in Madagascar since the 1960s, period during which the education institutions obtained university status. Statistics show an important increase of students enrolled in public higher education institutions. Political, demographic, social and economic factors explain this massification. This study examines the effects of this increase of the number of students in the country. It has negative effects on the quality of education. Public universities play a major role in the professional integration of young people. It contributes to the training of human resources that national economy needs. Universities are a development tool through the improvement in the overall education and qualification level of the population.

FR

L’objet du présent article est de contribuer à la réflexion sur le développement et le rôle de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique. Nous étudions l’évolution du nombre total d’étudiants dans les universités publiques à Madagascar depuis le début des années 1960, période pendant laquelle des établissements d’enseignement supérieur ont acquis le statut universitaire. Les statistiques révèlent globalement une expansion des effectifs. La massification dans les établissements universitaires s’explique par des facteurs politiques, démographiques, sociologiques et économiques. Cette étude examine également les effets de l’augmentation en nombre des étudiants dans le pays. Elle agit négativement sur la qualité des formations. L’enseignement supérieur public joue un rôle déterminant dans l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes. En effet, il participe à la formation des ressources humaines dont l’économie nationale a besoin. En accroissant le niveau moyen d’éducation et de qualification de la population, les universités peuvent enfin constituer un outil pour favoriser le développement économique et social.

PL

Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi przyczynek do refleksji nad rozwojem i rolą szkolnictwa wyższego w Afryce. Analizie poddano wzrost całkowitej liczby studentów w uniwersytetach państwowych na Madagaskarze od 1960 r., od kiedy to ośrodki szkolnictwa wyższego uzyskały status uniwersytecki. Statystyki wskazują ogólnie na wzrost liczby personelu. Czynniki polityczne, demograficzne, socjologiczne i gospodarcze przyczyniły się do procesu umasowienia ośrodków uniwersyteckich. Zanalizowano również skutki zwiększenia liczby studentów w kraju, które negatywnie wpłynęły na jakość kształcenia. Publiczne szkolnictwo wyższe odgrywa kluczową rolę w zawodowej integracji młodych ludzi i faktycznie uczestniczy w kształceniu zasobów ludzkich potrzebnych dla narodowej gospodarki. Podnosząc średni poziom wykształcenia i kwalifikacji ludności, uniwersytety mogą stanowić narzędzie służące do rozwoju gospodarczego i społecznego.

10

Małżeństwo w tradycyjnych społeczeństwach malgaskich

71%

Krzyżostaniak G.

Annales Missiologici Posnanienses

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2012

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issue 18

141-152

EN

Le mariage traditionnel après la naissance et l’initiation est temps fort de la vie humaine à Madagascar. Comme tout rite de passage, il établit un lien étroit entre la société et la religion des ancêtres. Les critères de choix sont: juridique, esthétique et axiologique. Le rituel de mariage se compose de: préparations lointaines et immédiates, célébration du mariage. La réussite et la solidité du mariage ne dépend pas seulement de la qualité du contrat passé entre les époux, mais dépend également du contrat entre les deux lignages.

11

Jakim słowem o Bogu na Madagaskarze? Andriamanitra versus Zanahary.

63%

Kluj W.

Nurt SVD

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2021

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issue 1

84-96

PL

Niniejszy tekst przedstawia ujęte z perspektywy misjologicznej uwarunkowania wyboru słowa na określenie Boga w języku malgaskim. Chodzi o relację pomiędzy pojęciami Andriamanitra oraz Zanahary. Historycznie rzecz ujmując, najpierw stosowano termin Zanahary, później dominowało pojęcie Andriamanitra, które przyjęło się w tekstach liturgicznych. Dziś ponownie stosuje się termin Zanahary, również w tekstach modlitw chrześcijańskich. Zasadnicze pytanie brzmi: czy do tekstów liturgicznych należy wprowadzać pojęcia języków/dialektów poszczególnych grup etnicznych, czy też powszechnie stosować terminologię oficjalnego języka malgaskiego. W prezentowanej analizie na tło historyczne (rywalizacja plemienna, okres kolonialny) nakłada się odniesienie do teologii scholastycznej oraz do współczesnych teorii translatorskich. Analizowany przykład dowodzi, że wybór terminologii nie może być arbitralnie narzucony, zaś dawne pojęcia mogą przyjąć nowe znaczenie.

EN

From the missiological perspective this text shows the determinants of the choice of the word determining God in Malagasy. It is about the relationship between the concepts of Andriamanitra and Zanahary. Historically, the term Zanahary was used first, then the term Andriamanitra, which was adopted in liturgical texts, dominated. Today the term Zanahary is used again also in the texts of Christian prayers. The main question is whether the notions of languages/dialects of individual ethnic groups should be introduced into liturgical texts or the terminology of the official Malagasy language should be widely used. In the presented analysis, the historical background (tribal rivalry, colonial period) overlaps with a reference to scholastic theology and contemporary translation theories. The analyzed example proves that the choice of terminology cannot be imposed arbitrarily, and old concepts can assume new meanings.

12

Pomoc w likwidowaniu skutków cyklonu Haruna w diecezji Morombe na Madagaskarze w świetle nauczania misyjnego

63%

Froelich P.

Nurt SVD

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2022

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issue 2

178-196

PL

Spotkać się można ze stwierdzeniem, że nauczanie Kościoła o misjach mija się z praktyką. W niniejszym tekście chcemy przeanalizować, jak w świetle nauczania encykliki Redemptoris missio wyglądała pomoc osobom poszkodowanym po cyklonie Haruna (2013) na przykładzie diecezji Morombe w południowozachodnim Madagaskarze. Perspektywa dekady pozwala na spokojniejszą analizę tego, co działo się wtedy trochę spontanicznie. Przykład ten jest też dobrym przyczynkiem do refleksji nad polską myślą misjologiczną, gdyż w działania te zaangażowanych było wielu polskich misjonarzy na Madagaskarze, przede wszystkim biskup tejże diecezji – Zygmunt Robaszkiewicz MSF oraz osoby odpowiedzialne za dzieła misyjne w Polsce.

EN

Sometimes one encounters the claim that the official teaching of the Church on missionary issues passes by in practice. In this text, we want to analyze how, in light of the teachings of the encyclical Redemptoris missio, assistance to those affected by the Cyclone Haruna (2013) looked like, using the example of the Diocese of Morombe in southwestern Madagascar. The perspective of a decade since the event allows for a good analysis of what was happening somewhat spontaneously at the time. This example is also a good contribution to reflection on Polish missiological thought, since many Polish missionaries in Madagascar were involved, above all the bishop of that diocese, Zygmunt Robaszkiewicz MSF, and those responsible for missionary works in Poland.

13

Ekshumacja w tradycji plemienia Betsileo na Madagaskarze wobec praktyk funeralnych Azji Południowo-Wschodniej

45%

Niesyto J.

Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne

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2021

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vol. 22

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issue 2

EN

The traditional beliefs of the inhabitants of Madagascar have strong monotheistic elements, focused on life after death and interaction with the god Zanahary and the ancestors. The Betsileo tribe practices a ritual called “famadihana” or “Ati-damba,” which involves exhuming and scrolling or re-wrapping of corpses. Through invocations and blood sacrifices of the zebu, the living seek prosperity while incorporating the deceased into the status of Ancestors. These funerary customs bear similarities to those of China, Southeast Asian fringe cultures, and the Ibaloi tribe of the Philippines. These similarities may have to do with migration waves to Madagascar and the passing down of traditions from generation to generation.

PL

Tradycyjne wierzenia mieszkańców Madagaskaru są zasadniczo monoteistyczne. W plemieniu Betsileo przekonanie o życiu po śmierci skłania do interakcji z Bogiem Zanahary i przodkami. Lęk przed zmarłymi prowadzi do prowokowania ich przez potomnych. Rytuał famadihana, czyli Ati-damba polega na ekshumacji i przewijaniu zwłok. Ofiary krwawe z zebu i inwokacje zapewniają pomyślność żyjącym i włączają zmarłych w status przodków. Zwyczaje i obrzędy funeralne zawierają podobne do tradycji Chin i kultur Azji Południowo-Wschodniej elementy, szczególnie plemienia Ibaloi z Filipin. To wynik emigracji na Madagaskar i przekazywania tradycji z pokolenia na pokolenie.

Refine search results

SADC’S INTERVENTION AND RELAPSE IN MADAGASCAR’S POLITICAL CRISIS 2009-2014 AND THE REVEALED ROLE OF FRANCE?

Education and subjective well-being. Observations from Madagascar

Tromba - kult nawiedzenia i transu na Madagaskarze. Próba interpretacji

Madagaskar nad przepaścią. Obraz rozpadającego się świata w nowelach Raharimanany

Madagascar - an island or a continent? On the notions of 'island' and 'insularity'

Nosy Be (Madagascar) and the neighbouring islands versus tourism development

‘Jews to Madagascar’: Poland in the face of ethnical problems in the 1930s

Roman autobiographique ou « biographie pour soi » ? Revenir de Jean Luc Raharimanana, ou la fin du commencement

Evolution and Challenges of Higher Education in Madagascar

Małżeństwo w tradycyjnych społeczeństwach malgaskich

Jakim słowem o Bogu na Madagaskarze? Andriamanitra versus Zanahary.

Pomoc w likwidowaniu skutków cyklonu Haruna w diecezji Morombe na Madagaskarze w świetle nauczania misyjnego

Ekshumacja w tradycji plemienia Betsileo na Madagaskarze wobec praktyk funeralnych Azji Południowo-Wschodniej