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The Ottoman Empire at the Beginning of Tanzimat Reforms

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Mazanec J.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

2016

issue 2

21-45

This article deals with analysis of publication of Gülhane noble decree (3 November 1839) which is an eminent event in the modern history of the Ottoman Empire. Promises of sultan Abdülmecid I contained in this document in fact opened the door for a reform period called tanzimat, which is mostly put between years 1839–1876. This article also focuses on earlier attempts of reorganization and modernization of the empire, especially on reforms of sultan Selim III and sultan Mahmut II. Knowledge of these reforms is necessary for understanding the events of 1839. An important part of this article is formed by analysing circumstances of Gülhane decree origins and the English version of its text.

The Diplomatic Background of Austria’s and Prussia’s Military Assistance to the Ottoman Empire in the 1830s

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Šedivý M.

West Bohemian Historical Review

2012

vol. 2

issue 1

149–177

The primary goal of the paper is to put the assistance of Austria and Prussia to the Ottoman military reforms in the 1830s into the context of diplomatic relations within the Eastern Question, and explain why the Sublime Porte asked the two German Powers for their officers, why only the Prussians were finally employed in 1837. Furthermore, the paper also evidences the fact that the collaboration of the two German Powers with Sultan Mahmud II in his reformatory effort must be viewed not only in the diplomatic but also social context and that the changes in the Ottoman army had been attentively observed by Austria’s and Prussia’s diplomats, and Austrian Chancellor Metternich in particular, long before the employment of the two Powers’ officers in the Near East was officially discussed with the Ottoman authorities; the Viennese cabinet had even provided the education of several Ottoman youths in its Technical military academy. The paper is finally intended as a brief contribution to the relations between Central Europe, represented in this case by the two most important members of the German Confederation, and the Ottoman Empire in the 1830s.

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1 Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

1 West Bohemian Historical Review

1 Mazanec J.

1 Šedivý M.

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1 2012

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The Ottoman Empire at the Beginning of Tanzimat Reforms

The Diplomatic Background of Austria’s and Prussia’s Military Assistance to the Ottoman Empire in the 1830s