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EN
This research assessed the local community’s participation in protected area-based tourism planning at Majete Wildlife Reserve in Malawi. The assessment was based on the participatory planning elements from the community participation framework for protected area-based tourism planning. A qualitative research approach was applied, and both secondary and primary data sources were used. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results show that the reserve has a system that allows continuous local community participation in the planning process, with financial resources committed to support the process. Local people are represented by independent community-based organisations and traditional leaders during the planning processes. But the local communities have limited access to tourism information and tourism planning experts. The reserve also lacks an appropriate decision-making structure that can facilitate efficient flow of management decisions to local communities. There is need to empower local people and regard them as partners in the tourism planning processes so that they can influence decisions.
EN
This paper examined the determinants of household food insufficiency coping strate-gies based on secondary data collected from 12,480 randomly selected households in Malawi. In response to food insufficiency, households employed the following coping strategies: relying on less preferred food options, reducing the proportion of meals, reducing the number of meals per day, restricting adult consumption for small children to eat, and borrowing food from family or friends. To assess the determinants of food insufficiency coping strategies, a multivariate probit model was employed. Education level, household size, livestock ownership and place of residence were some of the important factors that affected the choice of the coping strategies. The paper recom-mends policies that aim at strengthening the education system of the rural communities to equip them with skills they can use diversify their livelihood sources.
EN
Sub-Saharan Africa is a region with the constantly deteriorating level of food security. The article discusses the determinants of agricultural production in this part of the world. It attempts to evaluate whether climate and soil conditions limit agricultural production capabilities on the continent. Based on the case-studies of two countries – Malawi and Zimbabwe, it shows the influence of political decisions on food security of the population in both countries.
EN
This paper presents a small case study based on the narratives of three women in Malawi to ascertain how they negotiate female identity in a changing world. The socio-historical context is that western discourses relating to women’s empowerment and gender equalities are being absorbed in developing countries which can influence people’s perceptions of the way they view themselves and their own practices. This may present a conflict between western and traditional expectations and values. In Malawi, new opportunities are starting to open up for women causing them to adapt to new life styles. Close study of the ways in which women of different generations and of different socio economic backgrounds recount their experience of being a woman in Malawi seems to reveal common themes both in the structure and in the content of the narratives which connect what are in fact richly individual and personal stories. In line with Bamberg (2003:222) ‘rather than seeing narratives as intrinsically oriented toward coherence and authenticity, and inconsistencies and equivocations as an analytical nuisance’, this micro analysis finds the latter aspects to be the most interesting. Therefore, it will aim to unpack how participants orient to, ascribe and negotiate female identity through language. In recent years, narrative analysis has been used to examine real life stories. In this study, an ethnographic approach to data collection is adopted by interviewing women in the home environment. The recordings analysed are stories but they are elicited in the context of an interview which inevitably produces the ‘researcher effect’. Further work is needed to assess the value of narrative analysis in gauging the impact of western cultures on gender identity construction.
PL
Artykuł stanowi niewielkie studium przypadku opartego na opowieściach trzech kobiet żyjących w Malawi. Ma na celu ukazanie ich poszukiwań kobiecej tożsamości w zmieniającym się świecie. W krajach rozwijających się kontekst socjologiczny i historyczny pozostaje pod głębokim wpływem dyskursu toczącego się w krajach zachodnich o równouprawnieniu kobiet i równości płci, co może mieć istotne znaczenie w postrzeganiu samego siebie oraz własnych zachowań. Może to rodzić konflikt pomiędzy kulturą zachodu a przyjętą tradycją i wartościami. W Malawi otwierają się dla kobiet nowe możliwości, które pozwalają im zaadoptować się do nowego stylu życia. Dogłębne studium tego jak kobiety różnych pokoleń oraz z różnych warstw sołpołecznych w Malawi przedstawiają swoje doświadczenia, prowadzi do wysunięcia wspólnych wniosków w odniesieniu zarówno do struktury jak i tematów ich opowieści, które stanowią bogaty obraz osobistych przeżyć. Idąc za Bambergiem, kluczowym punktem zainteresowania analizy jest pogląd, iż opowieść nie jest nieodłącznie spójna i prawdziwa, lecz skłania się ku względnej niezgodności, dwuznaczności jak i złożonej niedogodności. Głównym zamierzeniem jest więc ukazanie jak kobieca tożsamość przejawia się poprzez język. W ostatnich latach analiza narracyjna jest źródłem wielu badań historii życia codziennego. Niniejsze studium oparte jest na podejściu etnograficznym. Bazuje na materiale zgromadzonym podczas rozmów z kobietami przebywającymi w ich środowisku domowym. Źródłem badań są więc opowiedziane historie, przy czym forma wywiadu pozwoliła nadać im wymiar naukowy. Należy podjąć dalszą analizę, która pozwoli ocenic wartość przeprowadzonych badań w zakresie wpływu kultury zachodniej na strukturę tożsamości płci.
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