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EN
This study of Julian Rogozinski’s, translation of Marcel Proust’s Time Regained, (the 7th and final volume of his cycle of novels In Search of Lost Time) into Polish proposes to find the translator’s dominant. First, the author examines Proust’s ideas on literature and lists the major aspects of his prose. Secondly, she verifies the hypothesis as to whether the translator considered the form to be the key to understanding Proust’s works. This seems to be the most important part of the prose which must be reproduced in the translation.
PL
The article is an attempt to read the story The Maidens of Wilko by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz in the light of Gilles Deleuze’s book Proust and Signs. The interpretation key is the concept of “sign” proposed and developed by the French philosopher.
EN
The article offers a study of two Proustian metaphors: “a living barometer” and “the little barometric figure”. After a brief reminder of the role of time in The Search for Lost Time, we move on to an analysis, sometimes intratextual, sometimes psychoanalytic, of the two metaphors, which places it in the context of family relationships and illness. Indeed, the barometric figure triggers a whole series of imaginary mechanisms which refer to the sensitivity and the constitutive versatility of the Search on the one hand, and to the writing itself on the other hand, but above all root this image in a complex game of identity tensions.
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PL
Galer from Wierzchownia. Preliminaries The papter contains the analyis of Marcel Proust’s pastiche Sainte Beuve et Balzac, it juxtaposes the fragments from Balzac’s letters written by Proust with the original texts. The paper concentrates on the issues which are very rarely undertaen-Proust’s and Balzac’s attitudes to Poland before its partitions at the end of the 18-th century and its cultural heritage.
EN
In the present study, the author focuses on the phenomenon of involuntary memory, as treated, most famously, in Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time. He, nonetheless, attempts to trace a “pre-history” of the notion in question by making reference to one particular passage to Rousseau’s Confessions that perhaps does not name the phenomenon of involuntary memory in an explicit manner, but certainly does treat a concrete experience that seems strongly reminiscent of Proust’s later and more sophisticated analyses. In the second part of the paper, he attempts to show that literature is not the exclusive domain in which involuntary memory becomes a crucial topic. He presents a “musical” analogy of involuntary memory by comparing Proust’s writing to the Wagnerian notion of leitmotif.
EN
Taking up Antoine Compagnon’s thesis, according to which Sodom and Gomorrah constitutes a privileged place to look at the whole Proustian cycle, the article focuses on the social dimension of the novel, as well as on cruelty. In this context, the image of Jews and servants, and the role of the baron de Charlus are studied in particular. For the author also discusses the vision of love, especially homosexual, to show how Proust’s approach stems from sadism and masochism.
EN
The name of Jiří Pechar is inextricably tied up with the Czech translation of Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time. The second complete publication of the novel was undertaken by the publisher Rybka in 2012 — its first two volumes, translated by Prokop Voskovec, were carefully revised and the rendition of the third to seventh volumes was, after Voskovec’s death, taken up by Pechar. Pechar’s participation in the revision was crucial as he drew on his profound knowledge of Proust’s complete oeuvre and its specifics. This analysis relies on the working document provided by Pechar, and it reveals that it is possible not only to generalize about the emendations and categorize them, but also to present the arguments accompanying them. Based on a detailed comparison of selected passages, it makes it clear that Pechar’s translation does work in Czech: besides being sophisticated and well grounded in theory, it offers brilliantly worded, reader-friendly solutions.
EN
Serotonin (2019) undoubtedly represents Michel Houellebecq’s most “Proustian” novel. His narrator, a forty-six-year-old agricultural engineer, who became desperately impotent by a regular absorption of “new-generation anti-depressants”, scrutinizes his “phallocentric memory” to revisit all his missed appointments with the great Romantic Love that could have saved him. Our analysis proves that Serotonin is not just a “prefiguration of the Yellow vests movement”, an “illustration of European agricultural crisis” or a “conservative flirt with Christianism” (which commentators are accustomed to identify in Houellebecq’s work) but also a somewhat astonishing reflection on the functioning of memory and the mechanisms of love.
Cahiers ERTA
|
2023
|
issue 33
159-183
EN
Written on the sidelines of a new translation of Sodom and Gomorrah into Polish, the article evokes the problem that the translator had in finding the equivalent of the term inverti. This problem serves as a pretext to speak, on the one hand, of homosexuality in Proust, on the other, of language as the subject of the novel. In this context, the role of Albertine and the etymological tirades of professor Brichot are studied in particular. The author also highlights the testamentary character of this part of the Proustian cycle.
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EN
The paper discusses - against the background of selected philosophical concepts - two basic problems related to the meaning of subject in the well-known novel by Marcel Proust entitled A la reserche du temps perdu. The first of the analyzed problems is related to the question what the meaning (signifie) of subject is, and the second, formulated in opposition to the postmodemistic standpoint of Gilles Deleuze, to the reasons why the significance (Bedeutsamkeit) of the subject is so intensively exposed in the novel. The subject that can be found in Proust’s masterpiece is considered as an egotic, individual, and stratified entity, whose deepest, spiritual layer ensures identity, and, most probably, exists beyond time. The spiritual subject is distinguished by persistent philosophical pursue of the essential truths of human being, and is also concentrated on the role of the author and art. The profound domain of truth remains hidden as long as we are absorbed by everyday life. It is the specific mental power pertaining to the spiritual subject, i.e. our intelligence, that allows us to reveal that domain. Only the non-mimetic literature, as postulated and realized in Proust’s novel, employing the method of “three-dimensional psychology” relying on intelligence, instead of commonly used “two-dimensional psychology”, can present to the eyes of potential readers, as if through the optical glasses, the essential truths of subjective worlds. The significance of the subject finds its expression not only in the application of the first-person narrative form, in the differentiation between the latent and revealed narrator - the fact that creates an aesthetic impression of surprise, in the monophonic character of the novel related to the structural unity imposed by the latent narrator, but also in the specific poeticity of the novel. Determining the style of Proustian prose, this poeticity evokes the atmosphere of clarity and happiness. The poeticity is achieved by such means of style as metaphors, various cultural references shown through the prism of subjective experience, phrasal complexity, melodiousness, and others.  
PL
Charles Swann i Athos Fadigati: postać Żyda i kochanka w utworach Prousta i Bassaniego Streszczenie Celem badań jest znalezienie związków pomiędzy cyklem Marcela Prousta W poszukiwaniustraconego czasu i Powieścią ferraryjską Giorgia Bassaniego. Analiza sposobu, w jaki autorzykonstruują postać Żyda, została przeprowadzona w świetle refleksji Giacoma Debenedettiegoi Hannah Arendt poświęconych naturze tożsamości żydowskiej. W opowiadaniu BassaniegoZłote okulary w szczególny sposób uczuciowość i pozycja społeczna homoseksualisty AthosaFadigatiego znajdują analogię w figurze Charlesa Swanna, ,,światowego Żyda”. W tej perspektywieProust staje się świadkiem zmiany, obserwatorem początku procesu prowadzącegodo powstania obozów zagłady, elementów rzeczywistości, z którą Bassani musi siękonfrontować. Słowa kluczowe: Marcel Proust, Giorgio Bassani, Charles Swann, Żyd, kochanek, homoseksualista,sprawa Dreyfusa   Charles Swann and Athos Fadigati: the figure of the Jew and the lover in Proust and Bassani Abstract The aim of the research is to find a link between Recherche of Marcel Proust and GiorgioBassani’s Novel of Ferrara, analyzing the way both of them construct the figure of a Jew, inthe light of Giacomo Debenedetti’s and Hannah Arendt’s position related to Jewish identity.Giorgio Bassani’s novel The Gold Rimmed Spectacles has been chosen because Athos Fadigati,a homosexual, and Charles Swann, a Juif mondain, demonstrate some similarities in termsof sensitivity and their social position. Here Proust witnesses a change, the beginning ofa process leading to extermination camps: the reality Bassani must confront. Keywords: Marcel Proust, Giorgio Bassani, Charles Swann, Jew, lover, homosexual, theDreyfus affair
EN
Hegel finds that “a darned sock is better than a torn one; but it’s not so with self-consciousness”, he uses the sock as a metaphor for the mind to express the negativity, the absence or the imperfection at the base of the consciousness of self, as well as other manifestations of the human psyche. He thus warns against any artificial attempt to fill, complete, or “mend” such socks of the mind. As unexpected as it may be, this metaphor appears in many literary works. The article examines four such texts: The Mystery of the Charity of Joan of Arc by Charles Peguy, In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust, Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett and The Man Who Sleeps by Georges Perec.
CS
Když Hegel tvrdí, že „zalátaná ponožka [je] lepší než děravá; ne v případě sebevědomí“, má tím na mysli ponožku jakožto metaforu jisté negativity, absence, deficitu, ne­dostačivosti či nedokonalosti, která je fundamentální vlastností sebevědomí i dalších projevů lidské psýché, a kterou tudíž není záhodno nějak uměle „zalátávat“, překlenovat či doplňovat. Přestože se takovýto příměr může jevit poněkud neobvyklým, text článku prokazuje existenci obdobné „ponožkové metafory“ ve čtyřech významných dílech moderní francouzské literatury, kterými jsou Mysterium lásky a útrpnosti Johanny d’Arc Charlese Péguyho, Hledání ztraceného času Marcela Prousta, Čekání na Godota Samuela Becketta a Muž, který spí Georgese Pereka.
FR
Lorsque Hegel constate qu’« une chaussette reprisée plutôt qu’une chaussette déchirée ; il n’en va pas de même de la conscience de soi », il se sert de la chaussette comme d’une métaphore de l’esprit pour exprimer la négativité, l’absence ou l’imperfection se trouvant à la base de la conscience de soi, ainsi que d’autres manifestations du psychisme humain. Il met ainsi en garde contre toute tentative artificielle de remplir, compléter ou « repriser » de telles chaussettes de l’esprit. Aussi inattedue qu’elle soit, cette métaphore apparaît dans de nombreuses œuvres littéraires. Le présent article en examine quatre principales : Le Mystère de la charité de Jeanne d’Arc de Charles Péguy, À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust, En attendant Godot de Samuel Beckett et Un homme qui dort de Georges Perec.
EN
The translation of La Bible d’Amiens and Sesame et les Lys was a way for Proust to take an interest in religious art, but also to cultivate his own vision of art. Ruskin was for Proust a guide who participated in the support of his artistic self by transfering a certain number of aesthetic conceptions to which his mind would never have been able to access on its own. Proust succeeds in recognizing the decisive dimension of the Christian religion and its implications for Ruskin's aesthetics. Transcending the religious dimension, Proust realizes that Christian architecture, as understood by Ruskin, acquires a meaning other than religious, namely that of a past sublimated by the powers of art. Thus the historical dimension is annihilated in favor of an aesthetic perception of works from the past. Our article therefore aims to show how this experience of translation allowed Proust to deconstruct the aesthetic vision of the author of the translated text, while constructing a vision of art that is his own.
EN
This article analyzes an essay by the contemporary French writer Philippe Sollers in which Sollers analyzes Marcel Proust’s drawings found in the French writer’s private letters and manuscripts. I draw on Sollers’s notion of “inner experience,” which he, in turn, borrowed from Georges Bataille, and discuss the idealistic interpretations of Proust’s eye/gaze as found in the metaphor of the book as an “optic instrument.” Then, referring to the Derridean category of “the specter,” I analyze the significance of Proust’s drawings for the understanding of his legacy in contemporary literature.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie eseju francuskiego współczesnego pisarza, Philippe’a Sollersa, stanowiącego komentarz do rysunków Marcela Prousta pochodzących z jego prywatnej korespondencji oraz z manuskryptów. Wychodząc od zapożyczonej przez Sollersa od Georges’a Bataille’a idei „doświadczenia wewnętrznego”, poddana zostaje dyskusji idealistyczna interpretacja proustowskiego spojrzenia wyrażająca się w metaforze książki-narzędzia optycznego. Następnie, w odwołaniu do derridiańskiej kategorii „widma”, autorka analizuje znaczenie rysunków dla kształtowania się pamięci o pisarzu we współczesnej literaturze.
PL
Autor artykułu dowodzi, że żyjemy w epoce inflacji dzienników. Techniki antycznego i chrześcijańskiego sposobu nadawania życiu formy są dziś martwe. Dawne zasady nadawania życiu formy zostały przetworzone przez nową kulturę łączności „nowych mediów”. Ta teza jest egzemplifikowana historycznie poprzez przywołanie przykładu François Rabelais’go, Marcela Prousta oraz Georges’a Pereca. Na przekór tej tezie autor rekonstruuje dwie wielkie próby nadania sobie formy poprzez zapis: "Dzienniki" Witolda Gombrowicza oraz "Dzienniki" Sławomira Mrożka. Te dwie próby żywią się wspólnym przeświadczeniem: literatura i życie spełniają się w tylko w dziennikach. "Dzienniki" Franza Kafki umożliwiają autorowi lekturę "Dzienników" Gombrowicza, a "Dzienniki" Thomasa Manna pozwalają mu przemyśleć dzienniki Mrożka. Autor pracy stara się zrozumieć relację łączącą życie, pisanie i formę życia. Kluczowy dla autora jest trop etymologiczny: termin „dziennik” wywodzi się od łacińskiego wyrazu „diarium”, oznaczającego codzienne porcje pokarmu rozdawane żołnierzom. W tym sensie dziennik umożliwiałby życie, nie odwrotnie.
EN
The author of the article proves that we are now living in the era of diary’s inflation. Techniques of ancient and Christian modes of giving form to life are now dead. Old methods of giving form to life have been transformed by new culture unity of new media. This thesis is historically supported by recalling the examples of François Rabelais, Marcel Proust, and Georges Perec. Opposing this view, the author of the paper reconstructs two great attempts of transforming life into a text, namely Witold Gombrowicz’s “Diaries” and Sławomir Mrożek’s "Diaries", as the two works are joined by a common conviction that literature and life come true only in a diary. Franz Kafka’s "Diaries" offer the author a way of reading Gombrowicz’s “Diaries”, while Thomas Mann’s "Diaries" are helpful in reflecting on Sławomr Mrożek’s ones. In his paper, the author intends to understand the relationship between life, writing, and life form. The key etymological trope for the author is the word “diarium” from which the word “diary” is derived, and which means everyday food portions given to soldiers. In this sense, life is conditioned by a diary, not vice versa.
PL
Artykuł o ostatnim dramacie Witolda Gombrowicza powstał jako wyraz niezgody na wcześniejsze odczytania sztuki (Jan Błoński, Jerzy Jarzębski, Maria Janion, Michał Paweł Markowski, Małgorzata Sugiera, Tamara Trojanowska), nie uwzględniające należycie – zdaniem autora – pewnej fundamentalnej niezgodności kwestii historycznych i historiozoficznych poruszanych w sztuce z jej nieoczekiwanym zakończeniem, w którym – przypomnijmy – z trumny wyłania się naga Albertynka. Wysiłek interpretacyjny zmierza więc w kierunku określenia: 1) wcześniej nie odnalezionych intertekstualnych śladów postaci Albertynki, głęboko tkwiących w cyklu powieściowym Marcela Prousta „W poszukiwaniu straconego czasu”; 2) problematyki „Operetki” jako gruntownego przewartościowania XIX-wiecznej nowoczesności; 3) samej sztuki jako dramatu męskości hegemonicznej, z istoty swej nieprzerwanie uczestniczącej w obracaniu historii ludzkości w niewypowiedziany koszmar; 4) Albertynki jako czynnika ustanawiającego inny, radykalny projekt męskości, którą autor proponuje nazywać męskością atopiczną.
EN
The article about Witold Gombrowicz’s last drama was composed as an expression of discontent about the former readings of the play (by Jan Błoński, Jerzy Jarzębski, Maria Janion, Michał Paweł Markowski, Małgorzata Sugiera, Tamara Trojanowska) that inaccurately, in Mazurkiewicz’s view, consider certain fundamental literary historical and historiophilosophical issues touched upon in the play with its unexpected conclusion in which naked Albertine emerges from a coffin. Thus, Mazurkiewicz’s interpretive efforts leads to defining 1) previously not found intertextual traces of Albertine deeply rooted in Marcel Proust’s “In Search of Lost Time;” 2) the problems of “Operetta” as a thorough reevaluation of 19th century modernity; 3) the play as a hegemonic masculinity drama in its nature constantly taking part in turning history of humanity into a terrifying nightmare; 4) Albertine as a factor establishing a different, radical project of masculinity which the author proposes to be referred as “atopic.”
EN
Drawing its methodological inspiration from A History of New Modernism. Czech Literature, 1905–1923 (2010), this study aims to present the development of Czech literature over the course of a single year: 1929. The objective, however, is not to portray the literary events and literary production of this year in the manner of a chronicle, nor in their entirety, but to capture certain ‘nodal’ characteristics of the imagination and literary language. There is one event that allows the author to take this approach — i.e. to identify themes, images and figures that are typical of the artistic discourse of the period —, namely the publication of Richard Weiner’s The Barber-Surgeon. The themes, motives, and figures found in this text (dream and dream writing, language, failure, literary polemics) constitute a point of departure for grasping the dominant features of a literary period which is otherwise rather amorphous. By virtue of Weiner’s poetics, a thread of sense begins to emerge, and eventually the ‘story’ or ‘drama’ of 1929, out of the re-constructed configurations and correlations of several different literary texts. Through its ‘otherness’, Weiner’s ‘dream poetics’ separated itself from the universalizing aesthetic concept of its time, thus falling ‘out of the picture’ from the perspective of literary history. By contrast, the author considers it as the central feature of a network of relations among a number of texts published in 1929: the short story AM from Jakub Deml’s collection My Purgatory; the poem The New Icarus by Konstantin Biebl; Karel Čapek’s Tales from Two Pockets; Jaroslav Durych’s essay on Poetics; and Vladislav Vančura’s novel The Last Judgement. The themes and figures under consideration here — poetics, dreams, dream writing and literary polemics — are all related to the writer’s self-consciousness in the creative process and the attention paid by the writer to material elements of the work. This manifests itself as an interest in the question of poetics and in a vivid ‘linguistic awareness’, which is also manifested in the widespread interest in questions of language and the culture of language that Czech linguists, especially those associated with the Prague Linguistic Circle, studied in accordance with — and in dialogue with — contemporary trends in modern art.
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