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EN
The two complete terracotta oil lamps published in this paper come from salvage excavations in by an Egyptian team clearing House 21 in the ancient Graeco-Roman harbor of Marina el-Alamein on the northern coast of Egypt. Both are of Alexandrian manufacture, one of the two being an imitation of an Italic relief lamp. One is decorated with a representation of Sarapis enthroned, the other with a scene of roosters fighting. Both are from the 2nd–3rd century and reflect the Alexandrian cultural tradition in the life of this ancient town.
EN
The 2014 and 2015 conservation program of the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein, a part from current maintenance, covered mainly conservation activities within the central square of the town and in selected rooms of two complexes of public baths: a Hellenistic establishment situated north of the square and a Roman one to the south of it. Conservation of selected items in the storerooms, paintings in particular, was also included.
EN
Studies on the relics of the Hellenistic-Roman town at the site of Marina el-Alamein in Egypt have been carried out since 1986. House H9 was one of the first buildings to be excavated, investigated, and preserved through conservation. Successive research has supplemented the previous studies. The house is one of the largest and earliest features at the site. In the context of Marina, it is more firmly embedded in the Greek-Hellenistic tradition, yet also refers to Roman solutions. It is a house of the oikos type, featuring a courtyard with two porticoes situated asymmetrically perpendicular to each other. Elements referring to the Greek systems of prostas and pastas can be discerned in the layout. The research focused on domestic cult as well as elements and character of the decor, including painted interior decoration. Architecture and home furnishings document civilisational changes at the cultural touchpoint between the Greek and Roman traditions.
EN
House H10 was one of the buildings located in a Hellenistic-Roman city at the Marina el-Alamein site in Egypt, whose relics were the first to be discovered. Successive research, conducted since 1997 along with initial conservation work, has provided a comprehensive overview. The house is one of the largest and most extensive of this site. Its spatial design is a showcase for the technology typical of houses from Marina. The house is embedded in both Greco-Hellenic and Roman traditions. It is an oikos house with a courtyard with two columned porticoes situated symmetrically on either side parallel to the main axis. A third, perpendicular portico, complementing the layout of the incomplete peristyle, is imitated by the architectural decoration of the courtyard elevation, organised by semi-columns. The layout includes two main rooms located opposite each other on two sides of the peristyle. The house was rebuilt several times, which made for a complicated layout. The studies conducted have cast light on domestic religious practice and the distinctive character of the architectural and artistic interior design, including exceptional examples of figural painting. The architecture and décor of the house document the changes occurring at the intersection of Hellenistic and Roman traditions.
EN
In the 2012 and 2013 seasons, the conservation program of the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein included conservation activities in selected rooms of the complex of Roman (southern) baths in the central part of the town and, in 2013, elements of the monumental tomb T21, as part of the general program for the preservation of its remains. In 2013, conservation of selected items, wall paintings in particular, from the stores was undertaken.
EN
Remains of a Graeco-Roman town on the Egyptian Mediterranean coast were discovered in 1980s during the construction of a tourist resort. At the beginning, excavation work was especially intense at a necropolis area, which after restoration became a site icon. Due to a wide variety of unearthed mortuary monuments numerous information about the town itself, its habitants, and funeral traditions were obtained. Although, those structures were frequently discussed, there is still a lot to be studied. That paper is focused on a question, if the hypogeum could have served as a quarry for its funders? For that purpose a building process was reconstructed and ancient quarrying and mason techniques were discussed. Basing on those, it was possible to estimate the quantity of stone material sourced during the execution of the underground part, while an architectural reconstruction allowed to assess a demand for stone ashlars used aboveground.
EN
In 2014 and 2015, the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein undertook research, conservation and presentation of the area north of the central square of the ancient town. A major landmark in this part of the city are the public baths from the Hellenistic period, discovered in 1987. The work was focused on the main chambers of the bath: the central tholos with relics of hip-bathtubs, the neighboring room with an immersion bathtub, and a set of rooms in the southern area of the complex.
EN
A Roman bath in use from the 2nd to the 4th century AD at the harbor of Marina el-Alamein on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt continued to be researched, conserved and prepared for exhibition by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission working under the auspices of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw and the Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław University of Technology. The bath and adjacent civic basilica were located in the center of the ancient town, to the south of the ruins of the main square. By updating results of research carried out in previous seasons, the present studies on the caldarium and frigidarium of the bath and a part of the civic basilica have brought us significantly closer to identifying the functional layout of the southern baths. Phases of construction were investigated as well and it is now possible to trace the transformation of the building over time.
EN
The article offers the publication of a bronze ring discovered during the archaeological work on the site of Marina el-Alamein, located on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea c. 100 kilometres west of Alexandria. The ring dated to the second century CE on contextual and formal grounds carries the acclamation 'Great is the name of Sarapis' in Greek inscribed on its bezel. The acclamation stems from the religious atmosphere of the times, which, in the quest for the divine, ascribed a sort of superiority to some gods of the polytheistic system. The ring contributes to the picture of religious beliefs and practices of the ancient inhabitants of an anonymous settlement hidden under the site of Marina el-Alamein.
EN
Current maintenance conservation work by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission in Marina el-Alamein occasions a revisiting of the history of the archaeological discovery, interpretation and original conservation and anastylosis of a commemorative monument dedicated to the Roman Emperor Marcus Antoninus Commodus. The monument, a rectangular masonry structure with colonnaded front, was built inside a presumed dining or reception hall of building H21c near the harbor of the ancient Graeco-Roman town. The original project took place between 2000 and 2007 (Czerner and Medeksza 2010). Maintenance conservation after a decade created the opportunity for a more in-depth analysis of the dimensions of the monument and the individual architectural elements of which it was composed.
EN
Activities undertaken by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein in 2014 and 2015 included research and conservation in the public district of the ancient town as well as in private houses. The emphasis was foremost on research, conservation and exhibition of monuments in the area north of the central town square, especially the remains of public baths dating from the Hellenistic period. Research and conservation continued also in the area south of the central square, concentrating on the remains of Roman baths in use from the 2nd to the 4th century AD. Current maintenance and conservation were carried out in private houses and in the area south of the central square.
EN
Activities undertaken by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein in 2018 comprised research and conservation mainly in the public district of the ancient town and, additionally, in private houses. Work focused foremost on research and presentation of remains of two streets, running east and south of the southeastern corner of the main town square, and the adjoining monuments. Research and conservation continued also on the remains of public Roman baths dating from the 1st to the 3rd century AD, located in the area south of the square. Maintenance conservation was carried out in Houses H21c and H1 and in the ancient town center. Land grading to enhance exhibition value and ensure rainwater drainage was carried out in some areas.
EN
Activities undertaken by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein in 2016 included research and conservation in the public district of the ancient town as well as in private houses. Work focused foremost on research, conservation and exhibition of monuments in the central town square, especially the remains of a peristyle adjacent from the east, and the southern portico of the square itself. Research and conservation continued also in the area north of the central square, concentrating on the remains of public baths dating from the Hellenistic period and, on the south, on the remnants of Roman baths in use from the 2nd to the 3rd century AD. Maintenance conservation was carried out in private houses, in both baths complexes and in the eastern and southern area of the central square.
EN
The conservation program of the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission in Marina el-Alamein in 2017 included restoration of wall structures and architectural decoration elements damaged as a result of unfavorable climate conditions (Houses H9/H9a and H21, Rooms 10 and 11 in the Roman baths). Wall paintings exposed to weather conditions in situ were treated as part of another conservation project. Minor metal finds were also treated using both chemical and mechanical means in order to identify the objects.
EN
In 2012 and 2013, the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein focused on research and conservation in the public part of the ancient town, the dwelling houses and the necropolis. A site presentation program was continued in the area south of a public square, where remains of Roman public baths, in use from the 2nd to the 4th century, have survived. Current maintenance and conservation was carried out on the site of dwelling houses and, in 2013, on the aboveground mausoleum of tomb T21 in the necropolis. Conservation of mural paintings was undertaken also during the seasons.
EN
The Marina el-Alamein Archaeological Project concentrated on excavating the area in the northern part of the harbor town, where a street (S1) existed, running north–south toward the harbor, lined by buildings on both sides. A test trench was dug across it to study the stratigraphy. It helped to identify several street levels and at least two major building phases in this area. One of the structures (H39) contained a hypocaust furnace that led to the building interpreted as a bathhouse. A pebble mosaic was uncovered immediately west of the furnace. Opposite Building H39 and across street S1, there was a large and richly furnished residential house (H42). It encompassed two paved courtyards, which were in use in the first half of the 2nd century AD. Three seasons of excavations (2012, 2013 and 2014) were followed by a season devoted in its entirety to documentation of the pottery and other small finds from the excavations and checking of the documentation from earlier seasons.
EN
Activities undertaken by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein in 2017 comprised research and conservation in the public district of the ancient town as well as in private houses. Work focused foremost on research and exhibition of the remains of a street running east of the southeastern corner of the main town square and monuments in the area of the square itself. Research and conservation continued also in the area south of the square, concentrating on the remains of public Roman baths dating from the 1st to the 3rd century AD. Maintenance conservation was carried out in private houses and in the ancient town center
EN
The article presents the program and results of continuous monitoring and preservation of historic architectural structures after the winter period at the site of Marina el-Alamein in Egypt, carried out by the Polish-Egyptian Conservation Mission. The program embraced studies of ancient plaster, polychromy and execution techniques employed for producing elements of sculptural and architectural decoration, as well as conservation of archaeological artifacts.
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