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EN
The examination of Mario Vargas Llosa’s bachelor’s thesis (1958, published in book form in 2001) reveals his background as a literary critic. Vargas Llosa’s interest in the biographical aspects of the Nicaraguan poet lets us track the emergence of his literary vocation. The other interest demonstrated in this thesis is to prove the permanence of the life and work of the naturalist writer Emile Zola in the life of Darío. In this thesis, there are some features that Mario Vargas Llosa maintained throughout his production as a literary critic, especially the biographical review as a key to understand certain codes of literary creation of an author.
EN
Mario Vargas Llosa and Milan Kundera are eminent novelists and literary theorists and critics. They both acknowledge their debt to Miguel de Cervantes, whose Don Quixote they consider not only the first modern novel, but a symbol of Western civilization. The article focuses on their conception of the novel, the role of fiction and humor, and the possible death of the novel.
PL
The article analyzes selected literary representations of partial genocide in the Congo Free State (1880–1908) as documents of the discourse of truth (in the sense of M. Foucault) in a given era. Considerations use achievements of the postcolonial studies as well as genocide studies. The analysis focuses on the comparison of two books – Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and The Dream of the Celt by Mario Vargas Llosa. The author reconstructs the way indigenous people are presented in both novels, showing elements of the racist discourse in Conrad’s novel and the changes that Llosa introduced. He describes the character of Kurtz (a colonist and an order represented by him) as “empty signifiers” of the colonial system. The article analyzes the extent to which both authors adequately presented the functioning of the colonial system. It indicates the dimensions of Casement’s exclusion – the main character of Llosa’s novel – referring also to the analysis of gender studies. The author concludes that both works reveal the weakness of criticism undertaken from the particular position – Llosa and Conrad were high rank men in the hierarchy of the global capitalist society. Regardless of the intent, they reproduce the discourse of truth, establishing not only the subject of cognition, but also their own identity.
EN
The purpose of this essay is to propose a view of the world described in the novel as a sociological object. The literary work subject to analysis is Mario Vargas Llosa’s “The War of the End of the World”, with Lewis A. Coser’s remarks referred to as guidelines on how a sociologist may do his or her research on a reality presented in a novel. The author wants to point out that it may be useful to recur to elements of the sociological theories in order better to understand the social phenomena and processes portrayed in literature. Such procedure may enrich the interpretation of the novel, at the same time being not without interest for science.
PL
Celem szkicu jest propozycja spojrzenia na świat przedstawiony w powieści jako przedmiot refleksji socjologicznej. Dziełem literackim, które zostało poddane analizie, jest Wojna końca świata Mario Vargasa Llosy, a główną wskazówką wytyczającą sposób, w jaki socjolog może badać rzeczywistość powieściową, są spostrzeżenia Lewisa A. Cosera. Chcemy zwrócić uwagę, że sięgnięcie po elementy teorii socjologicznych może okazać się przydatne w pełniejszym rozumieniu ukazanych w fabularnym świecie zjawisk i procesów społecznych. Z jednej strony wzbogaca to interpretację, z drugiej – urozmaica zasób przypadków interesujących dla nauki.
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