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PL
Polish education in France constituted a vital component of the functioning of emigration, the organization of which was supervised by the consular service. It was tasked with supporting the areas of culture and education. In this particular aspect, France’s policy wasnot unambiguous. The authorities in Paris paid no attention to the given issue and, therefore, they ceded responsibility for creating Polish schools to a private organization – the Central Committee of Coal Mine in France. In addition, emigrants were expected to quickly assimilate with the French society. From the perspective of the Second Republic of Poland, it was crucialthat Polish children were exposed to patriotic attitudes as well as given the opportunity to increase their knowledge of three most important school subjects, namely Polish, history andgeography. Establishing Polish teaching outposts and Tursday courses for both teenagers and adults lied within the competence of the Polish Consulate in Marseilles. They were created among the largest Polish communities. The Second Republic of Poland aimed at developing Polish schools in France. Nevertheless, financial factors restricted the selection of appropriate teaching staff, the purchase of school materials and textbooks.
PL
Napisanie o (nie)możliwości spotkania w Marsylii umierającego Rimbauda, poetyckiego znawcy morza, autora Statku pijanego, i Josepha Conrada, marynarza w pełni sił, debiutanta – a w przyszłości jednego z najznamienitszych pisarzy tematyki morskiej, było od dawna moim marzeniem i zamiarem. Ten, który odchodzi. Ten, który przychodzi. To samo miejsce: Marsylia. Ten sam horyzont: Afryka. Bardzo dobry temat na esej.
EN
Writing about the (im)possibility of a meeting held in Marseille between the dying Rimbaud, a poetic expert on maritime subjects, the author of the poem The Drunken Boat, and Joseph Conrad, a sailor at full strength, a debutant – and in the future one of the greatest marine writers has long been my dream and intent. The one who goes away. The one who comes. Same place: Marseille. Same horizon: Africa. Very good topic for an essay.
EN
The author discusses Norwid’s connections with Provence in four aspects. The first of them are Provencal motifs in the poet’s biography: his journey to the south of France in 1858, Norwid’s brothers, Ludwik and Ksawery, moving houses to Provence, presentation of Norwid’s etchings at an exhibition in Nîmes in 1865. The second part of the article inscribes the image of Provence shown in Norwid’s works into the context of Mediterranean myths and the culture of northern France on the basis of conclusions drawn from Notes on Mythology and Orbis Album that he had read. In the third part the motif of Marseille proves especially significant, as the ancient Massalia is – which can be seen in Quidam and in the lectures on Juliusz Słowacki – a representation of the space of exile – it became the place to which Norwid’s important protagonists (like St Madeleine) were exiled. In the myth founding the town there is a clash between the idea of freedom and the vision of the world-prison. The fourth part of the article brings an interpretation of the Civilization “legend”, taking into consideration Provence contexts: the idea of putting forward Arles’ and Nîmes’ candidatures for the status of authority centers of the 19th century France.
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EN
The author discusses Norwid’s connections with Provence in four aspects. The first of them are Provencal motifs in the poet’s biography: his journey to the south of France in 1858, Norwid’s brothers, Ludwik and Ksawery, moving houses to Provence, presentation of Norwid’s etchings at an exhibition in Nimes in 1865. The second part of the article inscribes the image of Provence shown in Norwid’s works into the context of Mediterranean myths and the culture of northern France on the basis of conclusions drawn from Notes on Mythology and Orbis Album that he had read. In the third part the motif of Marseille proves especially significant, as the ancient Massalia is – which can be seen in Quidam and in the lectures on Juliusz Słowacki – a representation of the space of exile – it became the place to which Norwid’s important protagonists (like St Madeleine) were exiled. In the myth founding the town there is a clash between the idea of freedom and the vision of the world-prison. The fourth part of the article brings an interpretation of the Civilization “legend”, taking into consideration Provence contexts: the idea of putting forward Arles’ and Nimes’ candidatures for the status of authority centers of the 19th century France.
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