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PL
The aim of the article is to discuss the significance of historical anniversaries in the period of People’s Poland by comparing the celebrations of the Year of Copernicus in 1953 and 1973. First, the focus is placed on the institutional analysis of the celebrations and the characteristics of their main participants. Then, the discursive mechanisms of attributing significance to the figure of Nicolaus Copernicus are presented, with a particular emphasis on the value of progressiveness, revolution, anticlericalism. Finally, the author makes an attempt to evaluate the effects of commemoration policy in the Polish society.
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Eric Hobsbawm – historik mezi vědou a politikou

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EN
Eric Hobsbawm (1917–2012) was a British historian of Jewish origin recognized worldwide. This article traces several topics which were central for Hobsbawm as a man and a scholar. It deals with Hobsbawm’s relations to Communism as a political ideology and Marxism as a method of examining the historical process. Both these relations are reflected significantly in his extensive work which focuses primarily on the 19th and 20th centuries. Hobsbawm also excelled in popularizing the topics in modern history for the general public. The main issues studied by Hobsbawm included social classes, revolution, nation and nationalism, or the history of common people. Although the reflection of his work in Czech, or Czechoslovak, historiography was not quite wide, some Czech historians (especially Miroslav Hroch) did study Hobsbawm’s ideas.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2017
|
vol. 108
|
issue 4
229-244
PL
Recenzja stanowi omówienie czterech monografii Wojciecha Tomasika poświęconych zagadnieniu kolejnictwa w kulturze polskiej. Kategoriami nadrzędnymi ich krytycznego oglądu są kategorie: „nowoczesności”, „modernizmu” i „modernizacji”. Autor recenzji, posługując się narzędziami z zakresu historiografii marksistowskiej oraz teorii historii, wskazuje także na przemilczenia i luki projektu poznawczego, który, na kartach swoich książek, sformułował Tomasik.
EN
The review is a discussion on Wojciech Tomasik’s four monographs about railway in Polish culture. The superior categories of the issue’s critical view are “modernity,” “modernism,” and “modernisation.” The reviewer, employing the tools from Marxist historiography and history theory, also points at the concealments and gaps of the cognitive project which Tomasik formulated in his books.
RU
Автором статьи изучен оригинальный материал, расскрывающий возможности деконструкций историографических источников тоталитарного периода. Освещается формирование советского дискурса историко-хронологической матрицы (схемы), т. н. „ленинской концепции союза рабочего класса и крестьянства” в период революции и гражданской войны. Показано влияние идеологии большевизма на историческую науку. Определены причины флуктации советского исторического наратива „марксистской школы” украинской историографии 1920 – 1930-х гг. Обоснована мысль о том, что в условиях тоталитарного общества СССР „марксистская историография” переживала период размежевания и неопределенности касательно решения дилеммы национального и социального компонентов истории. Очевидно, что ее социальная парадигма была близка к национальному концепту, в то время как идеологическое давление тоталитарной системы и политический контроль органов власти, навязывали украинским советским историкам приоритетность разработки классовой схемы пролетарской революции и гражданской войны на Украине 1917 – 1920 годов.
EN
The author of this article has studied the original material, revealing the opportunity of totalitarian period historiographical sources decontruction. The formation of the Soviet discourse of the historical and chronological matrix (scheme), so called „Lenin’s concept of the working class and peasantry alliance during the Revolution and Civil War” has been enlightened. The influence of Bolshevism ideology on the historical science has been shown. The reasons of Soviet historical narrative fluctuation in Ukrainian „Marxist school” historiography of the 1920 – 1930-ies have been defined. The idea of the „Marxist historiography” going through a period of disengagement and uncertainity concerning the solution of national and social components of history under conditions of totalitarian USSR society has been grounded. It is evident that its social paradigm was close to the national concept, while the ideological pressure of the totalitarian system and political control of the government forced the Ukrainian Soviet historians to prioritize the development of the 1917 – 1920 Proletarian Revolution and Civil War class schema in Ukraine.
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