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EN
Seven Gnostic writings were discussed in the article. They represent the mysterious teachings of the Savior, who passed it on to a chosen group of men and women. According to the author, these compositions reftect the factuai relationship of Gnostics towards women that is why they constitute an important argument for the issue of women's participation in Gnostic teachings.
EN
By the time Émile Zola published Madeleine Férat (1868), the motif of the amorous courtesan was already a Romantic cliché. The future leader of the Naturalists therefore wished to distance himself from an outdated concept of the repenting lost woman, and seized upon the embodiment par excellence of the converted sinner in the Judeo-Christian imagination, Saint Mary Magdalene, in order to subvert it. While the Gospels build the character on the dichotomy of fall and redemption, the novelist does not allow his heroine to forget her past. Chapter after chapter, the writer suggests the relentless progression of Madeleine Férat’s dramatic destiny, modernising the ancient Fatum, as he will later do in the Rougon-Macquart novels, by drawing on the medical theories of his time, in this case Dr Prosper Lucas’s publications on seminal impregnation. In spite of herself, Madeleine Férat is subject to the domination of physiological laws that clash with her moral values, and suicide seems to be her only way out. Under Zola’s pen, Marie de Magdala becomes a tragic heroine.
FR
À l’époque où Émile Zola publie Madeleine Férat (1868), le motif de la courtisane amoureuse constitue déjà un poncif romantique. Le futur chef de file des naturalistes souhaite par conséquent prendre ses distances avec une conception dépassée de la femme perdue repentie et s’empare de l’incarnation par excellence de la pécheresse convertie dans l’imaginaire judéo-chrétien, sainte Marie-Madeleine, afin de la détourner. Alors que les évangiles construisent le personnage sur la dichotomie de la chute et de la rédemption, le romancier refuse à son héroïne l’oubli de son passé. L’écrivain suggère d’un chapitre à l’autre la progression implacable de la destinée dramatique de Madeleine Férat et modernise le Fatum antique, comme il le fera par la suite dans les Rougon-Macquart, en s’inspirant des théories médicales de son temps, ici les publications du Dr Prosper Lucas sur l’imprégnation séminale. Madeleine Férat subit malgré elle la domination de lois physiologiques qui s’opposent à ses valeurs morales, et le suicide semble dès lors son unique échappatoire. Sous la plume de Zola, Marie de Magdala devient une héroïne tragique.
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