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Dynamics of perceiving oneself on femininity and masculinity dimensions in diverse contexts

100%
Błoch B., Serafińska K.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2010
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vol. 41
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issue 4
155-162
EN
The article is about issues related to gender perceived as a result of social context and thus fits in the current, processual gender paradigm. Two studies have been conducted verifying hypotheses about perceiving oneself on the femininity and masculinity dimensions in various types of contexts. Expectations were that generic contexts would make perceiving oneself within the psychological gender dimensions more dynamic. Women were expected to perceive themselves as more feminine and less masculine in contexts matching their gender, i.e. “feminine”, comparing to “masculine”, and men were expected to perceive themselves as more masculine and less feminine in “masculine” contexts comparing to “feminine” contexts. Research results do not confirm the above hypotheses and indicate dynamism in perceiving oneself on femininity and masculinity dimensions. However, the dynamism is perceived only on dimensions inconsistent with biological gender – situation affects women's perceiving of themselves on the masculinity dimension and men's – on femininity dimensions.
2
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Nicholas Urfe’s Masculine Trap or the Construction of Manhood, its Ambivalences and Limitations in John Fowles’s The Magus

88%
Strout I.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2017
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issue 26/1
73-86
XX
Western society and its fi ction faces the overwhelming problem of masculinity and its modeling. The era of war, capitalism, the challenges of feminism aff ect the ideology within which men are constructed both as individuals and as a social group. John Fowles’s fi ction tackles the crucial issue of male power and control as masculinity is put to test and trial in his 1965 novel The Magus. The defi nition of manhood, male virility and social respectability of the period shape the 20th century male characters in Fowles’s fi ction. This paper aims to explore how John Fowles investigates the role of masculinity and power myths on the personal level of relationship and a wider scale of war and capitalism in The Magus. Notions of masculinity off er the protagonist, Nicholas Urfe, a sense of a superiority and power over women in the course of the novel. Among the goals of the project is to examine the mythical journey of Nicholas, which becomes a testing ground of his masculinity and maturity, as well his trial and ‘disintoxication,’ which is intended to help him to reevaluate his life and his relationships with women. One of the issues posed is whether Nicholas Urfe is reborn as a new man at the end of his search for redemption or if he remains the same egotistic, ‘lone wolf’ as he appears in the beginning of the novel.
3
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Constructing Masculinity in Women’s Retailers: An Analysis of the Effect of Gendered Market Segmentation on Consumer Behavior

88%
Filice E., Neiterman E., Meyer S. B.
Qualitative Sociology Review
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2019
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vol. 15
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issue 1
86-104
EN
While gender-based differences in consumer behavior have been previously investigated within the context of gender-neutral or unisex retailers, men’s behavior in women’s retailers remains largely unexplored. Furthermore, most studies frame the retail environment as a passive platform through which essential gender differences yield setting-specific bifurcated behavior, and do not address the role the commercial establishment and men’s shopping habits play in gender identity formation and maintenance. To address this gap, we analyzed men’s behavior in women’s retailers using interactionist and social constructionist theories of sex/gender. Data were collected through non-participatory observation at a series of large, enclosed shopping malls in South-Western Ontario, Canada and analyzed thematically. We found that men tend to actively avoid women’s retailers or commercial spaces that connote femininity, while those who enter said spaces display passivity, aloofness, or reticence. We suggest the dominant cultural milieu that constitute hegemonic masculinity- disaffiliation with femininity, an accentuation of heterosexuality, and a prioritization of homosocial engagement-nform the dialectical relationship between individual and institutional gender practice that manifests through consumption.
4
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MOTIVATIONAL BODYBUILDING VIDEOS AS A COMPONENT OF DISCOURSE INFLUENCING PERCEPTIONS OF MASCULINITIES

75%
MADEJ K.
Society Register
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2021
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vol. 5
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issue 1
117-134
EN
The cult of a slim and beautiful body is no longer characteristic only for women. The male body is becoming more frequently subjected to the pressure of modelling. The use of different regimes increasingly intends to fulfil the requirements of attractiveness and physical perfection, also among men and boys. The discourse of disciplining the male body and its expectations also influence socially acceptable ways of performing gender. Employing a qualitative analysis of bodybuilding motivational films’ content, the author points out the key elements of the body project image in such materials. The possibility of identifying bodybuilders with experts in body modification, resulting from the specificity of the discipline, allows one to believe that the regimes and training tools presented by them can influence the perception of the body modelling process by men. The author presents four elements used to develop an image of the male body project – (1) conditions necessary for the project, (2) tools used in the project, (3) ways of controlling and evaluating the project, (4) side effects of the project. Based on them demonstrates how motivational bodybuilding films can affect changing ways of performing masculinity.
5
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Masculinity and Immigrant Health Practices: How Male Kurdish Immigrants to the United States Think about and Practice Health

75%
Othman J. K., Linders A.
Qualitative Sociology Review
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2018
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vol. 14
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issue 1
30-50
EN
Researchers have identified a host of factors that influence immigrant men’s understanding of and commitment to health, but overall the scholarship is still unsettled, in large part because the experiences of immigrant groups are so varied. In this paper, based on interviews with Kurdish immigrants in the United States, we demonstrate that the field of health provides both opportunities and pitfalls for men whose social, familial, and masculine aspirations simultaneously pull them into American life and push them towards a segregated existence. We conclude that men use a discourse of health to simultaneously assert themselves as men and maintain their connections to their original culture, just as they use a discourse of masculine responsibility to account for the health-related choices they make.
6
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(Post-)deuteronomistyczny zakaz transwestytyzmu (Pwt 22,5)? Pytanie o jego właściwy sens i motywację

63%
Lemański J.
Collectanea Theologica
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2020
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vol. 90
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issue 1
77-104
EN
Deut 22:5 is the only prohibition of transvestitism in the Bible and itscultural environment. The context in which it appears suggests that it wasinserted secondarily, in the period after the Babylonian Exile. This viewnarrows down various speculations concerning the original Sitz im Leben ofthis precept, and it leads one to understand it primarily within the frameworkof the canonical shape of the whole Pentateuch. Accordingly, this regulationmainly refers to the rule of the bisexual division of human nature (Gen 1–2),the rule of preserving the order of creation (not mixing species; Lev 19:19;Deut 22:9-11), as well as the preservation of the procreative force, heremainly related to masculinity (Gen 5:1-3; cf. 1:28; 9:1.7).
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