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EN
In article such technologies of the hidden management by mass consciousness in a context of formation of political identity of the Russian citizens are considered: political mythology, horror‑management, building a positive image of the policy through the images – the mediators, the spiral of silence, a hidden comparison. Features are shown, to possibility of use of technologies of the hidden management by mass consciousness for creation of political preferences at the population Thus such management in information space in modern conditions is based on system of ideas, values, ideals.
EN
The Church’s teaching on the Internet is positive. The use of the Internet, as of every tool in the hands of man, may lead to positive or negative consequences. The paper touches upon the question of whether the Internet is a benefit or a threat to seminarians. Among the benefits of the Internet is access to a vast amount of information, including that of religious character. Cyberspace opens up a range of possibilities for evangelizing the world and making contacts with different people and groups inside the Church. Internet-related threats include electronic crimes, hacking, pornography and websites full of violence. Another problem is uneven access to information. Additionally, an excess of information causes the so called information overload. Apart from many good Catholic websites, there are also ones which differ from Catholic thought or are contrary to it. The Internet is a challenge to seminarians. The first of the challenges is good media education, which takes the specificity of cyberspace into account. Occasionally, the problem of Internet addiction might occur. Other issues that ought to be included in seminary education are rules for safe Internet use, personal data protection, and respecting copyrights. Despite its many limitations, the Internet can be a useful tool in the hands of competent and wise priests. The whole of the seminary environment ought to take up this challenge with courage so that the Internet might serve the mission of the Church.
EN
In undertaking the new evangelization, the Church takes advantage of sources of mass communication. The Church’s teachings reveal the good and the bad sides of the mass media, but at the same time encourage the priests and the faithful to actively include the mass media into the Church’s mission. In particular, the Catholic mass media serve in the evangelization of the world. One can say that they constitute a new modern pulpit. This study points to publications, radio and television. The usage of mass media demands courage and creativity on the part of the faithful. The ideas of the Church Magisterium demand dynamic use of these tools. This applies to mass media outlets specifically designated as “Catholic” as well as all sort of activities undertaken in programs in the public and private media. The Church’s teachings in the mass media are backed up with canonical regulations. In the last decades, the world of media has changed dynamically. The Church and all of the faithful should closely follow the changes taking place in order to adjust the mission of evangelization to them, that is, to consistently reveal, through the mass media, the face of Christ and His message of salvation.
PL
Historia III Rzeszy posiada jeszcze wiele aspektów, które czekają na swoje wyjaśnienie bądź doprecyzowanie. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza aspektów społecznych i psychologicznych prowadzenia wojny. Jak to się mogło stać, że w obliczu pewnej klęski i beznadziejnej sytuacji na frontach zarówno armia niemiecka jak i naród nadal stawiali opór. Nowe światło rzucają na to „Dzienniki” jednego z najbliższych współpracowników Hitlera – J. Goebbelsa. Odnalezione na początku lat 90. XX w. w tajnych rosyjskich archiwach wojskowych doczekały się swojego krytycznego wydania kilka lat temu. J. Goebbels jawi się w nich jako wirtuoz propagandy w służbie zła. To jego działania w dużej mierze tak skutecznie podsycały opór Niemców. J. Goebbels z jednej strony stał się autorem wielu, do dziś wykorzystywanych chwytów marketingu politycznego (np. sposób zarządzania sytuacją kryzysową po klęsce pod Stalingradem) czy promotorem wielu wynalazków w zakresie rozwoju mediów (m.in. wspierał prace nad taśmą ma-gnetyczną i stereofonią). Nie tylko wiedział co powiedzieć Niemcom, ale także jak do tego wykorzystać najnowocześniejsze w tamtym czasie środki społecznego przekazu
EN
The history of the Third Reich still has many aspects that are waiting to be explained and clarified. This concerns in particular the social and psychological aspects of warfare. How could this happen that, facing a disaster and hopeless situation at the fronts, both German army and nation still resisted. A new light on this is shed by “The Diaries of Joseph Goebbels”, one of Hitler’s closest collaborators. The original text, found in secret Russian military archives in the early 1990s, saw its critical edition done a few years ago. J. Goebbels appears in them as a virtuoso of propaganda in the service of evil. This was his actions that, for the most part, fuelled so effectively the resistance of Germans. On the one hand, J. Goebbels was the author of many political marketing tricks, being still in use (e.g. the way in which the crisis situation after the defeat at Stalingrad was managed), or a promoter of many inventions in the field of media de-velopment (among others, supported the works on magnetic tape and stereophony). He not only knew what to tell Germans but also how to use the most modern at that time means of social communication for this purpose
EN
Application of the factual principle of information presentation is of particular relevance in the present conditions of global use of information environment as a confrontation ield of diferent models of modern civilization development. he main objective of the study is to substantiate the basic status of fact and its interpretation in the media system. he factual principle is realized within the factual ield, which is a set of information about changes in the social environment, the presentation of which is integrated by lexical, grammatical, logical, stylistic connections and has respective focus and pragmatic attitude. Factual ield is formed by a system of interconnected factors: basic fact, which is a communicative nucleus, the core of the message in the mass-communication process; factual environment, which is created by the facts illustrating the basic fact; journalist skills, which includes the ability to convince with fact-based proofs and arguments. Factual ield is the natural component of social interaction. consistency and comprehensiveness of factual ield is realized in the interconnections of the objective (basic fact, factual environment), and subjective (means journalist skills) factors. Factual principle of information presentation in mass media is based on the following functional characteristics: lexibility, consistency, associativity, analyticity, reliability, professionalism of fact presentation. he essence of the fact phenomenon functioning in the media is realized in the following components: in the change of the objective reality and in the interpretation of such change in the mass media.
EN
For million of citizens, the experience of voting is now similar to the one of advancing through uncharted territory. The article looks at the origins of this feeling, tracing the history of political disorientation in the US and comparing it to the one of other industrial democracies.
EN
This article is a continuation of the discussion on Andrzej Lepper, founder and leader of political party Samoobrona, deputy prime minister and Speaker of Sejm, who tragically died in August 2011. On the basis of press reports (especially those by Gazeta Wyborcza and Polityka) and various internet, radio and TV sources, the author tries to depict the Lepper’s profile against the background of social and political circumstances of 2001–2011. Discussed materials allow the reflection on the creative role of press and other medias in shaping of our reception of occurring facts and events.
EN
Complicated situation in Ukraine’s modern politics and mass media requires an examination of the historical background, in particular the situation of Ukrainian mass media on the eve of the elections to the parliament of Ukraine on 28 October 2012. he main objective of the study is to analyze the activities and development tendencies of Ukrainian mass media on the eve of parliamentary elections of 2012. Methodology of the research is based on the use of historical and comparative-historical method in the analysis of the political content in mass media. he efect of information transmission as a factor of election inluencing the mass media, the efect of political content carriers of the mass media, specialties of a particular mass media group activities are analyzed. he methodology for complex analysis of the mass media in election conditions is proposed.
EN
Sharply dressed, smooth, and sporty—these are probably among the first attributes associated with the Russian president Vladimir Putin. This image is promoted by television which still remains a powerful medium in Russia. While the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in March 2014 initially led to an increase in the popularity of Putin, his approval rating has significantly fallen since the signing of pension reforms in autumn 2018. This could explain why in September 2018 a new talk show called Moskva.Kreml’.Putin, which offers a synopsis of Putin’s working week, began its broadcast. By analyzing the „new“ image of Putin portrayed in this show and comparing it with his visual presentation in the news program Vremia and the annual talk Priamaia Linia s Vladimirom Putinym, the following paper examines the visual portrayal of Putin transmitted on television. By focusing on the visual, the analysis reveals that the president’s image, and the attributes assigned to him, are established and communicated mostly via the content and arrangement of (moving) pictures. Thus, the study suggests that visual communication on television significantly shapes and influences the perception of the Russian president. This work therefore contributes to a better understanding of television in general and of mass media communication in Russia in particular.
EN
The study evaluated the consequences of the affair with Daily Telegraph for developing a relationship between the German population and the monarchy and observed a severe disruption of the regard of this institution.The author is convinced that in 1918 the consequences of discrediting the throne came into effect; the monarchy was replaced by a republic. The last German emperor is seen as clearly at fault for this situation. He would have been able to develop good relations between Great Britian and Germany but he was not able to rise to this occasion and thus failed because of his temperament. His personal interventions in foreign affairs and the British-German diplomacy were chaotic and unpredictable because of his struggle between his English and German „identities“. The author also evaluated the current discussion about the „personal rule“ and came to the conclusion that Wilhelm II honored the constitution of the empire and was not under any circumstances an absolute monarch. The public often incorrectly perceived his sudden ideas as official statements.
CS
Studie zhodnotila důsledky aféry s Daily Telegraphem pro vývoj vztahu německého obyvatelstva k monarchii a konstatovala vážné narušení vážnosti této instituce. Autor je přesvědčen, že v roce 1918 se projevily důsledky diskreditace trůnu, a monarchii nahradila republika. Vinu jednoznačně přisuzuje poslednímu německému císaři, který by dokázal vybudovat dobré vztahy mezi Velkou Británií a Německem, ale vzhledem ke svému temperamentu této úloze nedorostl a zklamal. Protože se potácel mezi anglickou a německou „identitou“, byly jeho osobní zásahy do zahraniční politiky a britsko-německé diplomacie chaotické a nevypočitatelné. Autor zhodnotil i současnou diskusi o „osobní vládě“ a došel k závěru, že Vilém II. dodržoval říšskou ústavu a v žádném případě nebyl absolutním monarchou. Veřejnost ale často mylně považovala jeho náhlé nápady za oficiální stanoviska.
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Necromarketing in Advertising

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EN
Fear appeals have long been used in marketing communication as a persuasive messaging that attempts to arouse fear in order to divert behaviour, and death is the ultimate form of fear for mankind. This paper explores the use of fear appeals specifically through an investigation into how death is used in advertising efforts. The authors introduce the term necromarketing and proposes dual routes of death marketing: explicit and implicit. This paper explains the term necromarketing and provides examples of necromarketing to support the dual rotes used in persuasion.
PL
W obrębie rozmaitych typologii kryzysów znajduje się każdorazowo obszar szczególnie wrażliwy na budowanie lub burzenie wizerunku. Jest to tzw. kryzys komunikacyjny, wywołany przez plotki, pogłoski, zniekształcenia informacji, nieprzychylne informacje prasowe, rozpowszechnianie informacji wyjętych z kontekstu, skandale wynikające z nieodpowiedniego zachowania, kłamstwa, ujawnianie mrocznych tajemnic z przeszłości, wrogie kampanie reklamowe, naruszenia praw autorskich, utratę danych, fałszerstwo, fałszywe pogłoski, a nawet zwykłe zainteresowanie mediów w sytuacji, gdy organizacja ma kłopoty finansowe, prawne czy organizacyjne - choćby przejściowe. Każdy z kryzysów jest inny, ma inny czas, miejsce, bohaterów i kontekst. Obowiązuje jednak pewien zestaw zasad dobrze opisanych w literaturze public relations; powinien być on w sytuacji kryzysowej akceptowany i stosowany przez służby prasowe i promocyjne działające na uczelni, jeśli to ona jest miejscem takich wydarzeń. Nie ma oczywiście gwarancji skuteczności, ale procent korzystnych scenariuszy przy stosowaniu się do owego zestawu zasad jest znacząco wyższy niż przy ich ignorowaniu. Szanse rosną jeszcze bardziej, jeśli w całym kierownictwie uczelni jest zachowany konsens co do wybranych form wychodzenia z kryzysu.
EN
The aim of this article is to present some examples of communication crisis situations that have happened at Polish universities during passing last ten years. All presented cases are divided in groups showing signs of some similarities. Such approach may be helpful as a tool used by university press officers in their daily routines; can be develop in research on crisis in organization as well.
EN
The paper brings up the issue of contemporary discourse of war by analyzing fragments of history textbook regarding bombardment of Yugoslavia in 1999 and invasion of Iraq in 2003. Historical events and processes are often presented there in ideological way, using narratives propagated by involved in these operations western governments. The way of these presentations suggest the authors have relied mainly on mass media rather than scientific publications. The article researches how the popular media-based narratives penetrate the school curriculums and create social imaginations of war.
PL
W artykule podjęta została problematyka współczesnego dyskursu dotyczącego wojny na przykładzie fragmentów podręczników do nauczania historii dotyczących bombardowań Jugosławii w 1999 roku oraz inwazji na Irak w 2003 r. Przedstawiane w nich wydarzenia i procesy historyczne często są interpretowane w sposób zideologizowany, za pomocą narracji propagowanych przez zaangażowane w te konflikty państwa zachodnie. Sposób prezentacji problematyki wskazuje, że źródłem informacji dla autorów podręczników są raczej środki masowego przekazu niż publikacje naukowe. Autor wskazuje, jak dominujące medialne schematy narracyjne przenikają do programów nauczania historii oraz jak kształtują społeczne wyobrażenia dotyczące wojny.
EN
The paper deals with the ever-current topic of stereotypisation in mass media. The issues of the usage and the effectiveness of stereotypes are being broadly discussed in the domain of marketing communication. In the study, the author focuses on identifying stereotypes (gender or other stereotypes) in so-called opinion-forming printed daily newspapers in Slovakia, while trying to note the type and direction of the trends to portray people stereotypically in picture section of the dailies between 2007 and 2013. The author has used a quantified content method [Scherer, 2004] with the results processed statistically by non-parametric procedures. 1685 people pictures and images have been analysed in total. Multiple stereotypes have been identified - including gender related and also stereotypes in the presentation of the elders and children.
EN
The article presents the main components of inbound marketing in terms of the concept of marketing relationship. The role of new media and their impact on company marketing communications were described. The author looked for arguments in support of the thesis that inbound marketing is a new term for the concept of conducting communication activities on market, which aims at building, maintaining and strengthening long-term relationships at the area of interaction the recipient - the company
PL
Nowoczesne narzędzia komunikowania implikują nowe – adekwatne do istoty zaistniałych przemian technologicznych – formy i sposoby wypowiedzi dziennikarskich. Dotyczy to także rynku mediów religijnych, w tym periodyków katolickich. Otóż aby skutecznie realizować zadania prasy katolickiej, trzeba uwzględniać fakt doskonale znany refleksji teologicznej, określany łacińskim zwrotem fides ex visu. Wyrażenie oznacza, że wiara rodzi się również z „patrzenia”. Wobec tego forma podawcza treści religijnych, aby była skuteczna, musi uwzględniać kondycję człowieka homo videns i dlatego musi mieć wzgląd na obraz, a konkretnie na możliwości, jakie oferuje komunikacja ikoniczno-werbalna. W artykule dokonano analizy reprezentatywnych form i funkcji wypowiedzi obrazowo-słownych, niosących przekaz sensów religijnych, które obecne są na łamach dwóch wiodących tygodników katolickich, mianowicie „Gościa Niedzielnego” oraz „Tygodnika Powszechnego”.
EN
In the age of modern communication tools, in order to successfully carryout the tasks of the Catholic press, one must take into account the fact of well-known theological reflection as fides ex visu. The journalistic form of the transmission of religious content must also take into account the coherent conditions of human reception. Theoretical background creates visual theology. The article explores the specific visual expressions of religious expression that have been published in leading Catholic journals such as “Gość Niedzielny” and “Tygodnik Powszechny”. The author wonders how the impact on the recipient and how the media content is presented, and how it is being intensified through verbal-visual or visual-verbal communication.
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