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PL
The article deals with the essential aspects of the phonetic and, primarily, grammatical system of the Polish immigrant dialect spoken in two villages in Western Siberia: Znamenka (Bogradsky District of the Republic of Khakassia) and Alexandrovka (Krasnoturansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai). The dialect appeared in the Yeniseysk Governorate of the Russian Empire at the end of 1890s as a result of Polish rural migration from Volhynia to Siberia. Before that, the ancestors of those settlers had moved to Volhynia from Masuria. The examined dialect shows relatively good preservation of its original system. At the same time, it has been strongly influenced by Russian, as the dominant language of its surroundings. The main effect of this intensive contact is the further development of trends that had taken place in the original dialect system, which have been supported by the Russian language.
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EN
This article presents more than 300 semantic units being names of women used in the area of Warmia and Masuria in the period from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century in traditional rural communities. It discusses the semantic diversity of particular groups of lexemes, presents their number, and indicates the extralinguistic reasons which caused the growth of the number of feminine names within certain semantic fields. It also confronts certain specialised sets of lexemes, e.g. the names of unmarried women, with their male counterparts.
EN
The diversity of Masurian dialects, the lack among the Masurian society of well-educated people who use these dialects on a daily basis made it impossible to develop a uniform dialect pattern. This, in turn, caused that there are no examples of Masurian dialect literature. In 1975, Prof. Wojciech Chojnacki described John Bunyan’s “The Holy War”, which was published in 1900 in Herne, Westphalia, translated into the Masurian dialect and given the dialect title “Ta Swenta Woyna”. The book was translated and published by a miner, Jacob Sczepan. A renewed interest in the translation of Bunyan’s work appeared after the publication of its digitized version by the University Library of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn in 2017. The analysis of the dialect used by Sczepan allowed to classify it to the West Masurian dialect in its Nidzica form. Research queries of address and parish registers revealed only one person who could have been the author of the translation, i.e. Jacob Sczepan, born on 21.7.1867 in Witówko (Nidzica Poviat). The same Jacob Sczepan, a mining foreman, was recorded in the address register of the city of Herne in 1900. The Westphalian miner from Masuria was probably a member of the Fellowship Movement, while Bunyan’s work was one of the most significant and popular pietistic works. Sczepan addressed his translation to pious Masurian exiles like him. For this reason, his dialect is faithful to the language spoken at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries by the inhabitants of the Nidzica, Działdowo and Szczytno areas. This authenticity of Sczepan’s dialect makes his work unique. There is no other such extensive and authentic record of the already extinct dialect in the Masurian culture. The translation of Bunyan’s book was intended to enlighten and comfort his countrymen torn from steeped-in-traditional-piety Masuria, who were thrown into the industrialised world of the Ruhr region. However, for us, it is a valuable monument of the culture that no longer exists today.
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