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1

Instrumental Reason and Science — Max Horkheimer’s View

100%
Czarnocka M.
Dialogue and Universalism
|
2022
|
issue 2
175-196
EN
The paper analyses today partly forgotten Max Horkheimer’s conception of instrumental reason which presents this reason differently from the definition widespread today (claiming that it consists in adopting suitable means to set ends). Horkheimer relates instrumental reason to subjective one, seeing the former as a degenerate form of the latter. His theory is far more philosophical than the dominating today conceptions which do not consider the problem of instrumental reason philosophical any longer and instead move it step by step to the domain of a nonphilosophical decision theory. The paper analyses in particular Horkheimer’s beliefs claiming that 1) it is science which founds instrumental reason, and therefore 2) it is science which is the main source of oppressiveness and degradation of the contemporary civilization. It is shown among other things that Horkheimer misunderstands some properties of science and its operations and this leads to his incorrect presentation of the role of instrumental reason.
2
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Witkacego filozofia kultury. Próba odczytania z perspektywy szkoły frankfurckiej

89%
Owczarek K.
Amor Fati
|
2016
|
issue 1(5)
127-148
EN
The article aims to discuss the Witkacy's philosophy of culture and save it in the concept of cultural industry developed by Horkheimer and Adorno. In the first part the Pole’s philosophy of culture is reconstructed, with particular emphasis on mechanisms of collapse manifested in challenging the religion, art and philosophy. The next section is devoted to the idea of the subjective reason, which Germans perceive as a cause of cultural industry. Then mass culture is described and analyzed including the thoughts of philosophers mentioned.
3
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Teoria krytyczna a postęp techniczny

89%
Łach T.
Scripta Philosophica. Zeszyty Naukowe Doktorantów Wydziału Filozofii KUL
|
2014
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vol. 3
65-79
EN
The debate on the social consequences of technological progress takes place between those who emphasizing the benefits of progress and those who put emphasis on the threat generated by the technology. The second group includes representatives of critical theory, whose aim was human emancipation by rebuilding the existing society. At the core of this project lies critique of industrial society and mass culture, including technical progress. This article presents the main idea of critical theory and critique of instrumental reason made by Max Horkheimer; critic of society and technology expressed by Herbert Marcuse, as well as his proposal to repair social life.
4

Three Interpretations of the “Ideology” Category. Max Horkheimer’s Conception of Ideology

75%
Czerniak S.
Dialogue and Universalism
|
2023
|
issue 1
91-109
EN
The article consists of the following thematic threads: a) an overview of three interpretations of the term “ideology” in subject literature; b) a reconstruction of Max Horkheimer`s ideology conception, presented in the first half of the 1930s in writings published in the Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung [Social Research Journal]; c) an attempt to answer the question to what degree this conception was paradigmatic for the early Frankfurt School (here, for comparative purposes, the author cites writings by Leo Löwenthal and Paul Landsberg, which were also published in the Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung).
5
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Znaczenie teorii krytycznej dla uczenia się i nauczania dorosłych

71%
Kruszelnicki W.
Edukacja Dorosłych
|
2015
|
issue 2(73)
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób można odnosić diagnozy i troski teorii krytycznej do uczenia się i nauczania dorosłych, a w szczególności jak teorie uczenia się dorosłych można rozbudowywać w świetle kierunkowych idei Szkoły Frankfurckiej. Naczelna diagnoza powtarzana w artykule mówi, iż pedago- giczna idea całożyciowego uczenia się podziela dziś los każdego innego podsyste- mu edukacji: jest w coraz większej mierze zagarniana przez neoliberalną ideologię fundamentalizmu rynkowego, traktującego uczenie się jako źródło ekonomicznego postępu oraz klucz do konsumpcyjnego uczestnictwa w napędzaniu gospodarki, i dlatego całkowicie pozbawiającego je jego publicznego, etycznego i emancypacyj- nego znaczenia. Warunkiem wstępnym owego uczestnictwa jest, całkiem po prostu, akceptacja – zdolność jednostki do przystosowania się do istniejącego stanu rze- czy. Teoria krytyczna ukazana tu jest jako narzędzie pozwalające głębiej zrozumieć współczesny fenomen hegemonii rozumu instrumentalnego. Spożytkowana pedago- gicznie daje możliwość uwrażliwiania uczących się dorosłych na desubiektywizujące oddziaływania władzy i ideologii oraz zachęca ich do rozwijania emancypacyjnej podmiotowości zorientowanej na budowanie autonomicznej biografii, a także obronę świata życia i przestrzenie społeczeństwa obywatelskiego przed intruzją etyki rynku oraz biurokratycznej racjonalności.
EN
The paper aims to illuminate the ways we can connect the concerns of critical theory to adult learning and teaching and how, in particular, adult learning theory can be reframed in the light of critical theory. The diagnosis reiterated here is that the pedagogical idea of lifelong learning is currently partaking the lamentable fate of all the other sub-systems of education: it is increasingly being subsumed under the neoliberal ideology of market fundamentalism which sees learning as a vehicle to economic progress and to consumptionist participation in the economy and thus strips learning of its public, ethical and emancipatory significance. The main precondition of this participation is, simply, acceptance – the individual’s ability to c o n f o r m to the existing state of things. This essay is an attempt to show how critical theory can help us understand the present domination of the instrumental reason, guide adult learners in unmasking the workings of power and ideology, and instigate them to develop an emancipatory subjectivity, capable of resisting the prevalent spirit of market fundamentalism and oriented towards building an autonomous biography, at the same time defending the human life-world and civil society against the intrusion of capitalist ethics, market forces, and bureaucratic rationality.
6

Bajki dla dialektyków. Kafka i Benjamin między mitem a wyzwoleniem.

51%
Nikodem J.
Nowa Krytyka
|
2016
|
issue 37
209-226
EN
In this paper my goal is to examine and re-read these places in works of Kafka, in which Walter Benjamin finds hope and utopian promise of emancipation. I try to determine whether those places can possibly be able to provide individual or universal emancipation; whether they are just false promises or simply ineffective personal tactics – or, on the contrary, they can be comprehended as conditions of possibility for revolutionary politics of the oppressed. In order to do this I supplement Benjamin’s discourse with concepts and ideas of Adorno, Horkheimer and Brecht. My conclusion is that Benjamin’s reading of Kafka is too optimistic in finding hope and fight against oppression in such works as The Trial, The Castle, The America, and in short stories like The Silence of the Sirens or The Great Wall of China. Benjamin finds the source of hope and victory over the mythical fate in solely humane attributes of cunning and audacity, represented – according to him – in protagonists of fairy-tales (Benjamin describes Kafka’s stories as ‘fairy tales for dialecticians’). But he undervalues power of fate, which lies in its own cunning, not only in its physical strength. If we comprehend mythical fate in much more dialectical way – as our capitalist, alienating modernity – we can find that its powers lie in its own conatus, self-preservation aimed to conserve the reality of oppression. In this sense Kafka’s work – if we read it as a diagnose of modernity and some kind of prophecy of a near future – evinces a dual cunning, which mechanism is as follows: the more a protagonist tries to outsmart the system, the more the system outsmarts him and thereby enslaves him.
7
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Which theory of communication is “political correctness”?

51%
Konye M. N.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
53-74
EN
The paper focuses on ‟political correctness”, which has become a late 20th century catch-phrase in Western European and North American liberal democracies but also  has found currency in the political climate of the Asian and Eastern countries. A historical and multi-cultural review is intended as an introduction to a broader philosophical analysis of the Marxist backgrounds of political correctness and its neo-Marxist theoretical correctives in Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communicative action. My aim is to draw out both the educational and cultural implications of laying out the ethos of contemporary discourse on the foundations of the evolving dynamics of the rhetoric of political correctness.
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