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1

Press Agencies’ News Service as a Tool to Support Media Literacy Development

100%

Vrabec N., Zachar M.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2018

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vol. 1

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issue 1

43-53

EN

The aim of this study is to present the selected findings of a research into the cooperation of The News Agency of the Slovak Republic with individual types of schools in the Slovak Republic, as well as to create a systematic overview of the current state and trends in this area. We have decided to examine the topic and illustrate its relation to individual types of schools in Slovakia as, within the conditions of the Slovak Republic, it still remains an unexplored area. This is one of the first comprehensive research tasks in Slovakia, which attempts to answer the questions concerning press agencies and schools within the context of media literacy development. The aim of this study is to analyze the cooperation of The News Agency of the Slovak Republic with individual types of school in Slovakia over the period of 2012-2016. We focus on the quantitative and qualitative analyses of secondary data created in the reviewed period within the framework of this cooperation. The second aim of the study is to present the results of research carried out at primary and elementary schools, the aim of which was to find out about the ways educational institutions utilize the services of the press agency within the concept of learning-by-doing when teaching media education. The research sample consisted of 2,164 elementary schools and 794 secondary schools from all regions of the Slovak Republic. We addressed these schools with an 11-item questionnaire examining the quantitative and qualitative aspects of cooperation with the public service News Agency of the Slovak Republic. At the same time, we analyzed the data created within this cooperation over the years 2012-2016. The news service provided by The News Agency of the Slovak Republic represents a tool used at Slovak primary schools, especially in the preparation of school media, as well as at teaching media education and other subjects. Nevertheless, the intensity of its use is undersized and there are still quite a number of schools that do not use this valuable service in their educational activities at all.

2

New Media Technologies Should Not Isolate Us. Just Extend Our Range of Social Skills Interview with Ġorġ Mallia

100%

Rokošný I., Proner J.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2019

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vol. 2

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issue 1

121-128

EN

The interview focuses on Ġorġ Mallia´s views on the major challenges in the educational system and touches on the topics of media literacy, new media and power and utilization of social media. It deals with the ongoing discussion about the traditional linear model of education and introduces the theory of a hypertextual system. The given topics also refer to the transformation and shifts brought to society with the introduction of social networks, digital games and also other different new media. It points out social media can be a massive support to actual learning which has an impact, especially for the younger generation.

3

The Role of Organisations of Journalists in Promoting Media Literacy – Building Credibility and Trust

100%

Kanižaj I., Lechpammer S.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2019

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vol. 2

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issue 1

24-37

EN

In the previous research (ANR TRANSLIT, Mapping media literacy practices and actions in EU 28) organisations of journalists were identified as stakeholders in promoting media literacy. Theirrole was seen as essential in promoting credibility as a competence based on the truthfulness and relevance of content and sources. Furthermore, in 2014 they were identified as key actors by UNESCO within the Paris Declaration on Media and Information Literacy in Digital Era. Credibility is still seen as fundamental media capital. Although media organisations were one of the first stakeholders promoting credibility, recent research has showed that their activities in promoting media literacy were outnumbered by NGOs. According to the European Federation of Journalists, one of the main goals of journalists’ organisations is to defend values such as freedom of the press, independency, quality and credibility. In this study the authors research the existing activities of organisations of journalists in promoting media literacy throughout the EU. The results of a survey done within organisations of journalists and the results of content analysis of websites are presented. The authors’ goal is to examine how organisations of journalists are engaged to promote media literacy and to what extent they produce additional activities to tackle disinformation, fake news and media manipulation.

4

“Usually People Just Accept Media And Don’t Talk About It” The Perceived Value And Enjoyment Of Critical Media Literacy In Eating Disorder Treatment

100%

Bindig Yousman L.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2021

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vol. 4

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issue 2

42-57

EN

Despite the growing success of media literacy in eating disorder prevention programs there is a lack of research on the role of media literacy in eating disorder treatment. This pilot study extends previous research through the creation and implementation of the ERA (educationrecognition-activism) curriculum, which was comprised of four-weekly, 50-minute group sessions where participants in treatment for eating disorders explored the tenets of critical media literacy, reflected on their emotional responses to media, considered how dominant media messages and social forces conflicted with personal goals for a healthy life, and engaged in activism by writing letters to organizations that contributed to or challenged toxic media culture. More specifically, this study explores the perceived value and enjoyment of the ERA curriculum in eating disorder treatment. Participant perception of media literacy as valuable and enjoyable is significant because it has the potential to combat the ambivalence and resistance that is common among individuals in eating disorder treatment and hinders recovery. Overall, the findings suggest that moving beyond prevention initiatives and incorporating critical media literacy into eating disorder treatment may be beneficial to the recovery process.

5

The New Digital Divide: Disinformation and Media Literacy in the U.S.

88%

Hicks-Goldston C., Applebaum Ritchart A.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2019

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vol. 2

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issue 1

49-60

EN

This research addresses the impact of disinformation and media illiteracy on civil discourse and informed societal activity in the United States. The research provides analysis of the conditions surrounding disinformation and media illiteracy, as well one proposed solution for the problem: a media literacy educational program for both digital and non-digital natives via an international alliance of experts. Initially, the „Digital Divide“ of the early 21st century referenced individuals unable to access digital information with the same efficiency as those individuals in a household with a personal computer. In 2007, the introduction of smart phone technology transformed some of the Digital Divide population by providing information previously restricted to individuals with PC access to anyone who owned a phone. However, frequency of use is not the equivalent of mastery or thorough understanding. In 2016, the disinformation campaigns surrounding the U.S. presidential election, and later popular culture campaigns such as supposed controversy surrounding Disney’s The Last Jedi, emerged as foreign interference with American culture exploiting cultural divides. This research addresses two things: (1) Recognition of a caveat to the Knowledge Gap Theory in 21st century media interaction; and (2) Creation of a media literacy educational program via an international coalition for the sole purpose of combating disinformation..

6

The Most Important Thing Is to Find a Way How to Teach Media Education in an Appropriate Way. Interview with Jan Jirák

88%

Oprala B., Bielik P.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2018

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vol. 1

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issue 1

87-97

EN

The interview is focused on the key issues concerning the development of media literacy in the Czech Republic as well as the entire world. It focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of media education within the conditions of Czech education, while considering the limits as well as challenges, which teachers and academics trying to get students acquainted with the media world have to face. Important parts of media literacy policies are the conceptual, methodological and theoretical materials that can have a significant impact on the successful establishment of media education in both school and out-of-school education. The interview highlights that even such conceptual materials and tools are subject to rapid obsolescence and it is necessary to continuously innovate and complement them, so that they can reflect the very dynamic development of the media as well as constant changes in the preferences or behaviour of the audience members. These arguments should also be taken into account when preparing future journalists and other media professionals, as well as in dealing with the issue of hybrid threats and fake news.

7

Symbolická moc médií jako pedagogický faktor

75%

Valenta P.

Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)

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2014

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vol. 24

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issue 2

244-258

EN

The theoretical study explores media symbolic power as the main condition and means of its educational influence. The beginning of the study introduces the concept of symbolic power, from which author deduces the existence of specific media “educational program”. The second part discusses the role of the state in shaping the symbolic environment and stresses the main position state holds in defining parameters of media “educational program” as a dominant hegemonof symbolic power. The possibility of creating opposition discourses potent ially disruptive to symbolic hegemony of the state and the role which media education plays in this process is the topic of the next part. At the conclusion of the paper, the concept of media literacy as a social and civic competence that enables individuals to participate more effectively in the process of public communication and political decision-making is then formulated. Contrary to media education widespread belief that media is the hegemon of symbolic power in society, the paper proposes a theoretically substantiated thesis that the symbolic power of media is controlled by the state, which determines the content and form of public discourse. The “educational program” of media is thus controlled by the state and reflects its need to set knowledge in society. With regard to these βindings, media literacy could broaden the current concept of media literacy by civic and political context. If media are primarily the domain of control, knowledge and skills associated with media should prod uce more accurate idea of ways power is exercised in society and forms of one ́s emancipation.

8

Report of HLEG on Fake News and Online Disinformation

75%

Bôtošová Ľ.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2018

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vol. 1

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issue 2

74-77

EN

This report refers about the policy initiatives to counter fake news and disinformation spread online and the techniques of the European Commission to prevent this issue. The HLEG, a high-level group of experts created by the European Commission in 2018, prepared a report with best practicies and suitable responses to disinformation. The main responses were divided into five pillars as transparency, media and information literacy, empowering users and journalists, safeguard of the diversity of the European news media ecosystem and continued research.

9

Multidisciplinary Explanation of the Reading Voice as a Medium: Challenge to Family Media Literacy

75%

Tsvetkova M., Pachova D.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2019

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vol. 2

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issue 1

72-88

EN

This study addresses the gaps in knowledge regarding the unique energetics of the reading voice in its role as a medium for the development of stalwart future readers. We take into consideration Maryanne Wolf’s reminder about the special need to „foste readers due to the fact that reading is „unnatural“. The purpose of this study is to identify the position of reading aloud as a basic media practice in parenting strategies dedicated to cultivating future readers in order to prove that the energetics of the human voice can serve as a communication medium. This study is committed to finding a solution to a specific scientific problem: could the media modality of the environment involving reading aloud from birth be the crucial factor for developing unfailing future readers? The multidisciplinary reading research analyzes the results of a quantitative sociological 32-item survey which assesses the level of awareness and perceptions towards parent-child reading of 71 families in Bulgaria. The analysis focused on parental attitudes towards pre-reading skills before the child learned to read in the conventional sense. From a new perspective, the study looks at the role of the human voice as a medium of unique energetics for family communication. The study demonstrates that the reading voice adds unique energetics to the parent-baby environment by elevating it with non-verbal rhetoric as well as maintaining it in mode of attention and affectionate sound register. These findings can inform decision-making to improve family media literacy on the protection of children’s key right to a highly energetic cognitive environment that nurtures avid readers.

10

Fake News and Disinformation: Phenomenons of Post-Factual Society

75%

Hossová M.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2018

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vol. 1

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issue 2

27-35

EN

The theoretical study deals with fake news, disinformation and hoaxes. These phenomena are a major problem for contemporary society. We call it post-factual society. This expression is explained as falling confidence in objective facts and, on the contrary, increasing confidence in information with an emotional connotation, based on personal belief and conviction. The author in the study discusses the concepts of fake news, misinformation, hoaxes, their types, properties, and analyses several known fake news that appear primarily on the Internet. The author further analyses the current situation and interprets the results of the Media Literacy Index 2018, which deals with the resistance of the countries to the aforementioned negative phenomena. Last, but not least, the author focuses on the possibilities of prevention, education in this field and increasing media literacy. The study presents a theoretical view of the problem that has resonated in recent years in society and requires preventive measures and activities in the field of education and media literacy of the population of countries (not only) of the European Union.

11

Challenges And Limits Of Current Student Magazine Production - Case Study

75%

Hossová M., Švecová M.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2019

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vol. 2

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issue 2

34-51

EN

The subject of the study is to review the current state of contemporary student journalism. The aim of the case study is to clarify the theoretical background and then evaluation of the state (challenges and limits) of selected student journals on the basis of defined attributes. Part of the authors' goals is also the identification of the most common errors and problems in the analysed school magazines. At the theoretical level, the authors define the main concepts of the issue, characterize the student media and the specifics of the creation of the media. Last but not least, the authors define the position of student media in the educational process and their contribution to education in the field of media education. Based on the theoretical definition of the issue, the authors' approach is to use qualitative analysis of selected student magazines. The case study focuses on six student magazines from six elementary schools in Slovakia, which are involved in a research project focused on material-didactic support of media education teaching at Slovak primary and secondary schools, as well as reflexive-productive media learning via full-time and e-learning courses. In the research part of the case study, the authors approach the journals via qualitative analysis in three defined categories: the content of the journal, the graphic aspect of the journal and the organization of work in the journal / editorial office. Within these categories, journals are analysed in several specified attributes, e.g. elaborated topics, journalistic genres, journal break, colourfulness, editorial process, editing process and others. The conclusion of the case study is to interpret and summarize the most important findings of the research and a set of recommendations that respond to the identified shortcomings of the analysed sample of student journals in the examined points.

12

Let’s Go Virtual… How Digital Communications Affect Youth Media Literacy Education In High School: The Ukrainian Experience

75%

Kosheliuk O., Shulska N., Blahovirna N.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2021

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vol. 4

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issue 2

187-204

EN

In the era of the modernization of professional and educational services due to the COVID-19 pandemic innovation processes have been activated. An important condition for high school graduate students is to have new competences in media literacy as part of the educational vision for modern Ukrainian society. New approaches and requirements for professional education determine fundamental changes in the methodology, organization of the education process, subjects, content and instruments helping students in practice and everyday activities. Vectors of educational cooperation with students are more reflected in virtual communications using information and communication technologies (ICT) as modern progressive digital media literacy and educational practices are adapted for young people. In our article, the results of the experimental investigation in using virtual info media practices in the organization of education of students in Journalism and Social Communications field is presented. The aim of the research is to demonstrate how applied experience of using school lessons with connected virtual communicative practices such as info media quests, virtual workshops and media bridges affect media literacy education. We underline the educational advantages of innovative technologies in studying media literacy in Ukrainian high schools and improving the digital communication and critical thinking competencies of young people. The results of the present investigation show that virtual info media practices in high school have made significant progress and have huge advantages over the traditional methods of education in the context of the realization of individual oriented approaches in media literacy education for young people. The opinion poll of the students studying Journalism and Social Communications at Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University with the approbation of appointed virtual communications forms demonstrates this upgrading of their media literacy levels and professional capabilities.

13

Information And Media Literacy: Integrating Literacies Into Library Instruction

63%

Grombly A., Anderson A. M.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

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2020

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vol. 3

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issue 1

6-17

EN

Media literacy is a critical skill, a subset of information literacy, that at this point in history is more important than ever. Students entering higher education generally receive information literacy instruction at the lower division level. However, the skills taught at this level are rudimentary and geared toward introducing students to scholarly and peer-reviewed sources. Conversely, students have relied upon more popular resources in K-12 education and may not have the evaluative skills to more responsibly consume, and ethically use, popular, news, and social media content. Current instruction methods silo instruction between scholarly and peer-review sources for academic use separately from media consumption in everyday life. This separation is problematic as students may achieve academic information literacy and still fall prey to misinformation, they find online and in social situations. While the Association of College and Research Libraries Framework addresses the need for a set of information literacy abilities, the National Association for Media Literacy Education takes this further with their core principles. At California State University, Bakersfield, media literacy is integrated into several information literacy opportunities. However, it is in full-term information literacy instruction, where we most fully develop the concepts and techniques specific to media literacy.

14

Prywatność w Internecie – zarys perspektywy krytycznej

51%

Siuda P.

Kultura – Media – Teologia

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2015

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issue 20

36 - 56

EN

The article claims that when it comes to studying the Internet, one can indicate two groups of researchers: the optimists and the pessimists. The later show the negative economic and political consequences of using the Web. Recently, these researchers have increasingly written about violations of the privacy of Internet users. However, a general critical framework for research on privacy violations remains lacking. The goal of this article is to propose such a framework. This article shows how pessimists conceptualize Internet privacy and what basic types of Internet privacy violation they indicate; how to protect online privacy is also discussed. The aforementioned issues are extremely crucial, particularly when considering (after the pessimists) the scale of the violations of Internet privacy and the lack of research regarding the opinions and behaviors of Internet users in regard to the infringement of online privacy.

PL

Autor artykułu wychodzi z założenia, że mamy do czynienia z dwoma stanowiskami w badaniach internetu: optymistycznym i pesymistycznym. Krytycy wskazują na ekonomiczne i polityczne negatywne konsekwencje użycia Sieci, a obecnie coraz więcej uwagi poświęcają kwestii naruszeń prywatności w internecie. Badaniom na ten temat rzadko kiedy towarzyszy jednak próba ogólnego uporządkowania tego, jak wspomniane pogwałcenia postrzegają krytycy tego zagadnienia. To jest właśnie celem artykułu. Autor – posiłkując się różnymi doniesieniami akademickimi – pokazuje, jak krytycy konceptualizują prywatność internetową i jakie wyróżniają typy jej naruszeń oraz sposoby przeciwdziałania im. Omawiane zagadnienia są ważne, jeśli uznać (za krytykami), że skala naruszeń prywatności jest bardzo duża. Rzadko kiedy bada się opinie i zachowania użytkowników internetu związane z prywatnością online.

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Press Agencies’ News Service as a Tool to Support Media Literacy Development

New Media Technologies Should Not Isolate Us. Just Extend Our Range of Social Skills Interview with Ġorġ Mallia

The Role of Organisations of Journalists in Promoting Media Literacy – Building Credibility and Trust

“Usually People Just Accept Media And Don’t Talk About It” The Perceived Value And Enjoyment Of Critical Media Literacy In Eating Disorder Treatment

The New Digital Divide: Disinformation and Media Literacy in the U.S.

The Most Important Thing Is to Find a Way How to Teach Media Education in an Appropriate Way. Interview with Jan Jirák

Symbolická moc médií jako pedagogický faktor

Report of HLEG on Fake News and Online Disinformation

Multidisciplinary Explanation of the Reading Voice as a Medium: Challenge to Family Media Literacy

Fake News and Disinformation: Phenomenons of Post-Factual Society

Challenges And Limits Of Current Student Magazine Production - Case Study

Let’s Go Virtual… How Digital Communications Affect Youth Media Literacy Education In High School: The Ukrainian Experience

Information And Media Literacy: Integrating Literacies Into Library Instruction

Prywatność w Internecie – zarys perspektywy krytycznej