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EN
During the archaeological excavations conducted at Kokotów site 19 (commune Wieliczka), two habitation structures were discovered in the form of shallow pit-houses and dated to the Medieval period. Charcoal fragments, representing the remains of firewood, were collected from the different layers of these features. This collection of charcoal fragments, illustrates the importance of the sampling method for future data interpretation. They also serve to demonstrate the basis of methodology used for distinguishing these charcoal assemblages leading to more accurate results concerning their palaeoenvironmental interpretation. Moreover, the results are commented on in the context of the anthracological methodology developed within a so-called “Montpellier school”. The charcoal assemblages from Kokotów site 19 can be interpreted in terms of past vegetations. During the XII–XIII/XIV centuries, the nearest forest formations were dominated by oak Quercus sp., Scots pine Pinus sylvestris and hornbeam Carpinus betulus, mainly representing oak-hornbeam and mixed pine-oak woods.
EN
The field research conducted in Paphos in the framework of a joint project of the Université d’Avignon and the University of Warsaw focuses on the southern part of Fabrika hill with the aim to understand its role in the urban life of ancient Nea Paphos. Two seasons of the fieldwork (2018–2019) yielded evidence for the arrangement and chronology of a temple site of the Hellenistic and early Roman period. A preliminary exploration of underground chambers strongly suggests that they may have been a part of the same sacred area as the temple. Moreover, several burials as well as some walls and floors testify to the use of the site during the Byzantine and Medieval period.
PL
W artykule rozpatrywany jest problem sposobów wykorzystania autorytetu prawa rzymskiego przez św. Tomasza z Akwinu w tzw. Traktacie o prawie. Wpierw wskazano na sposób wprowadzenia rzymskiej argumentacji do korpusu tekstu (pojęcia iurisperitus, legisperitus) oraz na rodzaj powoływanych źródeł. W dalszej części artykułu omówiono poszczególne przypadki bezpośredniego odwołania się Akwinaty do myśli starożytnych prawników.
EN
The article investigates the problem of the modes of referring to the authority of Roman law by Saint Thomas Aquinas in the so-called Treatise on Law. At first the method of bringing in the Roman argumentation into the body of the text and types of the recalled sources were pointed out. In the further part of the article the particular examples of the direct citation of the ancient lawyers’ thought were discussed.
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