Search results

1

Predictors of mental health in female teachers

100%

Seibt R., Spitzer S., Druschke D., Scheuch K., Hinz A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 6

856-869

EN

Objective: Teaching profession is characterised by an above-average rate of psychosomatic and mental health impairment due to work-related stress. The aim of the study was to identify predictors of mental health in female teachers. Material and Methods: A sample of 630 female teachers (average age 47±7 years) participated in a screening diagnostic inventory. Mental health was surveyed with the General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12. The following parameters were measured: specific work conditions (teacher-specific occupational history), scales of the Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) Questionnaire as well as cardiovascular risk factors, physical complaints (BFB) and personal factors such as inability to recover (FABA), sense of coherence (SOC) and health behaviour. Results: First, mentally fit (MH⁺) and mentally impaired teachers (MH⁻) were differentiated based on the GHQ-12 sum score (MH⁺: < 5; MH⁻: ≥ 5); 18% of the teachers showed evidence of mental impairment. There were no differences concerning work-related and cardiovascular risk factors as well as health behaviour between MH⁺ and MH⁻. Binary logistic regressions identified 4 predictors that showed a significant effect on mental health. The effort-reward-ratio proved to be the most relevant predictor, while physical complaints as well as inability to recover and sense of coherence were identified as advanced predictors (explanation of variance: 23%). Conclusion: Contrary to the expectations, classic work-related factors can hardly contribute to the explanation of mental health. Additionally, cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviour have no relevant influence. However, effort-reward-ratio, physical complaints and personal factors are of considerable influence on mental health in teachers. These relevant predictors should become a part of preventive arrangements for the conservation of teachers' health in the future.

2

Mental condition and specificity of mental disorders in a group of workers from southern Poland: A research report

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Izydorczyk B.

Medycyna Pracy

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2018

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vol. 69

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issue 1

13-28

EN

Background The aim of this work is to provide empirical evidence regarding types and increasing prevalence of mental disorders affecting Polish working population in the years 2014–2016. The research questions concerned the specific characteristics of the types of mental disorders and their prevalence as well as the differences between males and females. Material and Methods Types of mental disorders were investigated using a clinical method, a structured interview, as well as medical record data gathered in the years 2014–2016 in one mental health treatment center. The study was conducted in the population of 1578 working individuals aged 18–64 years old, in various forms of employment, including flexible employment (self-employment, task assignment agreement) and contract employment. The research population consisted of 998 females and 580 males, aged 18–64 years old. The study aimed at investigating types and the prevalence rate of mental disorders developed in the examined working Poles, also with reference to the sex of the study participants as well as the age at which they started seeking treatment. Results The prevailing disorders include neurotic disorders; diagnosed according to the 10th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) classification as a range of anxiety disorders, mixed anxiety-depressive disorders, stress-related and somatoform disorders; as well as personality disorders. The prevalence rate of the aforementioned disorders was found to be higher among working females than in the group of working males. Conclusions The overall study conclusions based on the research data analysis point to the fact that the prevalence rate of various types of mental disorders displayed by the examined working males and females increased significantly in the years 2014–2016. Med Pr 2018;69(1):13–28

3

Quality of life, work ability and other important indicators of women’s occupational health

86%

Tavakoli-Fard N., Mortazavi S.-A., Kuhpayehzadeh J., Nojomi M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 29

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issue 1

77-84

EN

Objectives Work ability may be considered as an important aspect of well-being and health status. One of the most important factors in association with work ability is health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study has been to determine the association between work ability, individual characteristics and HRQoL of female workers. Material and Methods The design of this study has been cross-sectional. The work ability index (WAI) and Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaires were used to collect data. Three hundred and twenty female workers were selected from food supplier factories in Karaj. One-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, independent sample t-test and multiple linear regression methods were used to analyze data. Results Mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) of the WAI stood at 35.02 and 5.57, respectively. The categories of the WAI for women being as follows: 8.8% poor, 62% moderate, 25.4% good and 3.7% excellent. Mean±SD for the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of quality of life was 58.84±11.12 and 57.45±9.94, respectively. There was a positive significant association between the PCS and MCS with the WAI (p = 0.0001). Workers with higher education had a better work ability (p = 0.002) and shift-work workers had a worse work ability (p = 0.03). Conclusions Work ability of majority of women was moderate. Considering mean age of studied women (27.6 years old), this work ability is not satisfactory. Physical and mental components of the HRQoL were the important factors associated with work ability.

4

Factors for and against establishing and working in private practice correlated with work-related behavior and experience patterns of Ferman physicians in Schleswig-Holstein: A 2-year longitudinal study

86%

Voltmer E., Spahn C., Frank E.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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vol. 30

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issue 3

485-498

EN

Objectives To identify factors in favor of or against establishing and working in private practice, to determine the quality of life and work-related behavior and experience patterns of German physicians working in private practice, and to analyze the correlation of those factors. Material and Methods A representative sample of physicians in private practice in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, was surveyed according to a 2-year longitudinal design (T1 – 2008, N = 549 and T2 – 2010, N = 414). The study included 22 items regarding the attractiveness of establishing and working in private practice, and the questionnaires: the Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12), and Work-related Behavior and Experience Pattern (Arbeitsbezogenes Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster – AVEM). Results Job satisfaction among those private practitioners decreased over time but their willingness to choose the profession once again remained unchanged. Patient care and the continuity of physician-patient relationship encouraged establishing and working in private practice; state regulation, financial risk, and administrative effort weighed against it. At both T1 and T2, physicians scored significantly lower for mental health than general population. About 20% of physicians showed a healthy behavior and experience pattern but 40% of them showed the pattern of reduced working motivation. About 20% of participants were at elevated risk for overexertion and for burnout. Physical and mental health as well as the total distribution of patterns did not change significantly during the 2-year observation period. Physicians at higher burnout risk rated tasks related to patient care considerably less positively than those with healthy pattern. Conclusions In order to improve job satisfaction and quality of life, and to make private practice more attractive, those German physicians require a) improved legislation, b) educational programs that promote the attractiveness of private practice, and c) highly accessible counseling services for the prevention and treatment of stress, overexertion, and burnout. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(3):485–498

5

Psychosocial and organizational work environment of nurse managers and self-reported depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional analysis from a cohort of nurse managers

86%

Nourry N., Luc A., Lefebvre F., Sultan-Taïeb H., Béjean S.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 2

252-269

EN

Objectives: The association between depressive symptoms and psycho‑organisational work environment has been established in the literature. Some studies have evaluated depressive symptoms in healthcare workers, but little research has been carried out among nurse managers. The aim of the study is to evaluate the depressive symptoms prevalence among nurse managers' population and work environment factors. Material and Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was used. Data were collected from 296 nurse managers in five hospitals in the eastern area of France between 2007 and 2008. Health outcomes were evaluated by measuring depressive symptoms (CES-D scale), the exposure data by assessing psycho‑organisational work environment with effort-reward imbalance-model of Siegrist. Multiple logistic regressions were used to describe the strength of the association between depressive symptoms and effort-reward imbalance adjusted for personal and occupational characteristics of the nurse managers. Results: Among the nurse managers, a third had depressive symptoms, and 18% presented an effort-reward imbalance (ratio: ≥ 1). A significant association was found between depressive symptoms and effort-reward imbalance (OR = 10.81, 95% CI: 5.1-23, p < $10^{-3}$), and with esteem as a reward (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.6-6.3, p < $10^{-2}$). Conclusion: In view of the hierarchical situation of nurse managers and their primary roles in hospitals, it is necessaryto take prevention measures to improve their work environment and health.

6

Zmediatyzowana rodzina

86%

Gosek M.

Horyzonty Wychowania

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2020

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vol. 19

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issue 49

49-61

EN

SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the article is to show what the modern family looks like from the perspective of teachers and school educators under the influence of the mediatization process and to determine if and how they see the relationship between its functioning and mental health problems of children and youth. RESEARCH PROBLEM and METHODS: The research problem is formulated: do digital media affect the functioning of the family and indirectly affect the mental health of children and young people and their self-esteem? The work uses an analytical and synthetic method based on literature, reports and statistical data, as well as the results of qualitative research conducted by the author at schools in Lesser Poland. PROCESS OF THE ARGUMENT: The starting point of the work is a synthetic picture of the changes in the modern family under the influence of digital media and the picture of the mental condition of children and youth in the light of literature and existing data. In the next step, it was supplemented with opinions of teachers and school educators about the family and the relationship between changes occurring in it and the problems of mental health of children and youth. RESULTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS: The conducted analyses and qualitative research show that digital media exert an influence on the functioning of the family and indirectly affect the occurrence of mental health problems and lowering the self-esteem of children and youth. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS: In the light of the conclusions drawn from qualitative research, broader quantitative research should be carried out to help determine the scale of the described phenomenon. In addition, it is necessary to take measures aimed at strengthening the condition of the family and making parents aware of the impact of the media and factors affecting their children’s mental health.

PL

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jak z perspektywy nauczycieli i pedagogów szkolnych wygląda współczesna rodzina pod wpływem procesu mediatyzacji, oraz określenie, czy i jaki widzą oni związek między jej funkcjonowaniem a problemami zdrowia psychicznego dzieci i młodzieży. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Problem badawczy sformułowano w postaci pytania: czy media cyfrowe oddziałują na funkcjonowanie rodziny i pośrednio wpływają na zdrowie psychiczne dzieci i młodzieży oraz ich poczucie wartości własnej? W pracy zastosowano metodę analityczno-syntetyczną na bazie literatury, raportów i danych statystycznych oraz wyników badań jakościowych przeprowadzonych przez autorkę w szkołach. PROCES WYWODU: Punktem wyjścia pracy jest syntetyczny obraz przemian współczesnej rodziny zachodzących pod wpływem mediów cyfrowych oraz obraz kondycji psychicznej dzieci i młodzieży w świetle literatury i danych zastanych. W kolejnym kroku został on uzupełniony o opinie nauczycieli i pedagogów szkolnych na temat rodziny oraz związku pomiędzy zmianami zachodzącymi w niej a problemami zdrowia psychicznego dzieci i młodzieży. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Z przeprowadzonych analiz i badań jakościowych wynika, że media cyfrowe oddziałują na funkcjonowanie rodziny i pośrednio wpływają na występowanie problemów zdrowia psychicznego oraz obniżanie poczucia wartości własnej dzieci i młodzieży. WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: W świetle sformułowanych wniosków z badań jakościowych należałoby przeprowadzić szersze badania ilościowe, które pomogą określić skalę opisanego zjawiska. Ponadto konieczne jest podjęcie działań ukierunkowanych na wzmacnianie kondycji rodziny i uświadamianie rodziców na temat oddziaływania mediów i czynników wpływających na zdrowie psychiczne ich dzieci.

7

Impact of air pollution on depression and suicide

86%

Gładka A., Rymaszewska J., Zatoński T.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2018

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vol. 31

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issue 6

711-721

EN

Air pollution is one of the greatest public health threats worldwide. All substances appearing in excessive quantities in the atmosphere, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides or sulphur oxides may be its ingredients. Depending on their size and nature, these compounds may cause greater risk of suffering from respiratory or cardiovascular diseases for exposed people as well as exacerbation and increased mortality due to these illnesses. Smaller particles may penetrate the brain’s blood barrier and thus affect the central nervous system. In many studies, they have been shown to have negative effects on brain structure, like diminishing white matter or neuronal degeneration, leading to the earlier onset of Alzheimer or Parkinson disease. Nevertheless, there are reports of association of air pollution with mood disorders, depression, and even suicide. There are many risk factors for these conditions, most important of which are the social situation or chronic diseases. However, it has also been confirmed that the environment may affect mental health. This article will present experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies on exposure to air pollution and its impact on depressive disorders and suicide. Our goal is to determine the relationship between air pollution and incidence of depression and suicides. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(6):711–721

8

Health status of long-term sick leave and working female teachers in Germany: A cross-sectional study

86%

Brütting J., Druschke D., Spitzer S., Seibt R.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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vol. 31

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issue 2

227-242

EN

Objectives: Limited research on the health situation of teachers on long-term sick leave is available. The aim of this study has been to describe the health status of female teachers on long-term sick leave (LSFT) in comparison to working female teachers (WFT) and to determine predictors for their state of mental health (MH) and cardiovascular fitness (CF). Material and Methods: Twenty-eight LSFT and 300 WFT (average age: 53±5 years old) participated in a screening diagnostic inventory. Mental health, CF, blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), health behavior (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity) and disease burden (DB – number of medical diagnoses) were analyzed for the purpose of characterization of the health status. The multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for the state of MH and CF. Results: Adverse values for the MH but also for CF, BFM and the DB (median of medical diagnoses: LSFT: 5; WFT: 2) among the LSFT in comparison to the WFT were confirmed. Additionally, the part of smokers among LSFT (25%) was higher (WFT: 8%). In contrast, the WFT (61%) were much more affected by an elevated BP (LSFT: 26%). Disease burden proved as the strongest predictor for MH of the female teachers. Age, BMI and DB proved as predictors for CF. Conclusions: Health-related differences between long-term sick leave and working teachers were particularized and a link between physical and mental health among teachers was quantified. Therefore, health-related concepts for teachers should equally focus on physical and psychological aspects. The relevance of regular well-structured occupational health check-ups should be brought to the attention of the profession to prevent diseases and early retirements. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(2):227–242

9

The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between workplace bullying, mental health and an intention to leave among nurses in Taiwan

86%

Hsieh Y.-H., Wang H.-H., Ma S.-C.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 2

245-254

EN

Objectives The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between workplace bullying, mental health and an intention to leave among nurses, and the mediating role of self-efficacy. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 nurses in Taiwan. Data were collected by means of self-report questionnaires, including the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Chinese Health Questionnaire, and the Employee’s Turnover Intentions and Job Destination Choices Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used. Results Bullying was found to negatively correlate with self-efficacy and mental health, and positively with an intention to leave. Self-efficacy positively correlated with mental health, and negatively with an intention to leave. Hierarchical regression showed that bullying and self-efficacy were significant predictors of both mental health and an intention to leave. Self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between bullying and mental health, as well as an intention to leave. Conclusions Self-efficacy acted as a mediator of workplace bullying, mental health and an intention to leave among nurses. It could protect victims from the devastating effects of bullying behaviors. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(2):245–54

10

Family, school and neighborhood factors moderating the relationship between physical activity and some aspects of mental health in adolescents

86%

Kleszczewska D., Mazur J., Siedlecka J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 4

423-439

EN

The impact of physical activity on mental health is widely described in literature. Less attention is given to factors which may modify this correlation, except for gender. The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative assessment of such papers relating to children and young people. Selected papers were evaluated with regard to additional factors related to family, school and neighborhood. Attention was drawn to the definitions of these variables, the methods of analysis, and the content of the discussion. The starting point for this study included 7 systematic reviews published in 2006–2018. A total of 161 full articles described in detail in those reviews, and representing different research patterns, were selected for qualitative analysis. They met the criteria for the type of publication, mental health outcome, the direction of association, and the age group. A supplementary section of this paper contains a review of Polish literature from the Polish Medical Bibliography, and an analysis of national studies and some more recent papers not included in the analyzed reviews. It was demonstrated that 33 papers analyzed environmental variables to a greater degree than the characteristics of the sample. Twenty-three papers containing the results of statistical analyses were considered to be of particular interest. Almost 50% of these included both the socio-economic position of the family and the characteristics of the neighborhood. However, only 1 featured stratification of the sample with regard to contextual environmental variables. The obtained results are of great practical importance. Firstly, development of the research into environmental moderators should be advocated. Secondly, the social context in which adolescents grow up should be taken into account when designing intervention programs. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):423–39

11

Employment precariousness and mental health, understanding a complex reality: a systematic review

86%

Utzet M., Valero E., Mosquera I., Martin U.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2020

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vol. 33

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issue 5

569-598

EN

Precarious employment has expanded during the last decades, but there is no full consensus on its definition, and its impact on mental health is not completely understood. The relevance of several micro- and macro-level variables in the association between precarious employment and mental health has not been fully addressed. This review has 2 aims: to identify scientific evidence on the relationship between various dimensions of precarious employment and mental health, and to synthesize the inclusion of a gender-sensitive perspective, context variables, workers’ household variables, and the discussion of causal mechanisms underlying the association. The literature was searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycINFO including articles dated 2010–May 2018. A minimum of 2 independent reviewers assessed each article regarding quality and eligibility criteria. The search retrieved 1522 papers, of which 54 (corresponding to 53 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies analyzing job insecurity, temporariness and multidimensional approaches reported a significant association. Nevertheless, results for working time arrangements and downsizing are inconclusive. Around half of the studies included sex-stratified analyses and formulated contradictory conclusions. Overall, 7 studies considered workers’ household situation and only 3 delivered significant results, and 16 described some of the potential pathways. There is evidence of an association between various precarious employment approaches and mental health problems. Further research (preferably longitudinal) should aim to discuss theoretical models explaining the pathways between precarious employment and mental health, including a gender-sensitive perspective, and integrating several levels of individual and contextual variables.

12

Letter to the editor (January 1, 2019) concerning the paper “Impact of air pollution on depression and suicide”

86%

Chirico F., Magnavita N.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 3

413-414

13

Uwarunkowania jakości życia osób niepełnosprawnych ruchowo

72%

Pawłowska-Cyprysiak K., Konarska M., Żołnierczyk-Zreda D.

Medycyna Pracy

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2013

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vol. 64

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issue 2

227-237

EN

Background: The aim of the study was to identify determinants of quality of life in people with physical disability. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted in a group of 426 people with physical disabilities (mean age, 44.4 years; SD = 12.6). The study group was divided into various sub-groups by the cause of dysfunction, degree of disability, time of disability diagnosis and issuing of disability certification, as well as age, gender and place of residence. Quality of life questionnaires SF36v2 served as a research tool. Assessing quality of life two major spheres of life associated with its quality, physical health and mental health, were taken into account. Results: The results of logistic regression analysis showed that a lower quality of life is mainly influenced by demographic factors, such as low levels of education and living in small places of residence. Conclusion: The level of education and place of living can be considered as main factors predicting quality of life of people with physical disability. Med Pr 2013;64(2):227–237

PL

Wstęp: Celem badania było określenie uwarunkowań jakości życia osób niepełnosprawnych ruchowo. Materiał i metody: Badania kwestionariuszowe przeprowadzono w grupie 426 osób niepełnosprawnych ruchowo w wieku średnio 44,4 lata (SD = 12,6). Narzędziem badawczym jakości życia był kwestionariusz SF-36v2. Analizę jakości życia przeprowadzono pod kątem przyczyn powstania dysfunkcji, grupy inwalidzkiej, czasu rozpoznania niepełnosprawności i posiadania orzeczenia o niej oraz wieku, płci i miejsca zamieszkania. Przy ocenie jakości życia wzięto pod uwagę dwie główne sfery życia mające wpływ na ocenę jakości życia: zdrowie fizyczne i zdrowie psychiczne. Wyniki: Wyniki analizy regresji logistycznej wskazują, że na niższą jakość życia badanych osób niepełnosprawnych wpływały przede wszystkim takie czynniki, jak niski poziom wykształcenia i mieszkanie w małych miejscowościach. Wnioski: Do czynników, które można uznać za prognostyki jakości życia osób niepełnosprawnych ruchowo, zalicza się głównie poziom wykształcenia i miejsce zamieszkania. Med. Pr. 2013;64(2):227–237

14

Poznawcza i emocjonalna adaptacja do sytuacji choroby psychicznej w rodzinie

72%

Frąckowiak-Sochańska M.

Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej

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2015

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vol. 11

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issue 4

88-112

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza poznawczych i emocjonalnych aspektów procesu przystosowania do sytuacji choroby psychicznej w rodzinie. Pomiędzy wyżej wymienionymi aspektami istnieją zależności w postaci dodatnich i ujemnych sprzężeń zwrotnych. Istotnym elementem adaptacji poznawczej jest konstruowanie kategorii „choroby psychicznej” oraz „zdrowia psychicznego” tworzących ramy interpretacji przeżywanych doświadczeń. Proces ten jest uzależniony od uprzednich stanów afektywnych i wpływa na dalsze doświadczenia emocjonalne, zwrotnie oddziałując na aktywność poznawczą. Orientację teoretyczną i metodologiczną niniejszego opracowania wyznacza podejście konstruktywistyczne. Podstawę empiryczną prezentowanej analizy stanowią badania przeprowadzone w oparciu o metodologię teorii ugruntowanej. Badania te sprowadzają się do analizy i interpretacji opublikowanych narracji biograficznych członków rodzin osób zmagających się z chorobą psychiczną (Stark, Bremer, Esterer 2002; Stowarzyszenie Rodzin i Przyjaciół Osób Mniejszych Szans „Więź” b.d.). Przeprowadzona analiza dotyczyła zarówno treści wypowiadanych przez narratorów, jak i charakterystycznych sposobów kategoryzowania doświadczeń. W efekcie przeprowadzonych badań odtworzony został proces przystosowania do sytuacji choroby psychicznej w rodzinie wraz z jego wariantami, głównymi etapami i punktami zwrotnymi.

EN

This paper is aiming at an analysis of some aspects of the process of cognitive and emotional adaptation to the situation of mental illness within family. There have been observed mutual relations between the abovementioned aspects. The significant component of the cognitive adaptation process is the construction of categories of mental disease and mental health, which constitute the frames of interpretation of one’s experience. This process depends on one’s affective states and influences further emotional condition, which provides feedback to cognitive processes at a more advanced stages. Theoretical and methodological frameworks of this paper are based on the constructionist paradigm. The empirical research has been carried out according to the grounded theory assumptions. The research material consists of intentionally constructed and published (in a book and online) biographical narrations of mentally ill persons’ family members. The analysis of the abovementioned narrations is focused on the content, as well as on the forms of descriptions constructed by the relatives of the mentally ill persons. According to the presented analysis, the process of adaptation to the situation of mental illness within family, with its variations, stages, and turning points, has been reconstructed.

15

Rola satysfakcji z pracy w relacji między dopasowaniem człowieka do organizacji w zakresie strategii realizacji celów a zdrowiem psychicznym

58%

Roczniewska M., Retowski S.

Medycyna Pracy

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2014

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vol. 65

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issue 5

621-631

EN

Background: Person-organization (P–O) fit is a predictor of job satisfaction, and a misfit is a potential stressor. We aimed to examine the consequences of fit between a person and an organization in terms of goal-pursuit strategies. We tested whether job satisfaction mediates the relationship between regulatory fit and mental health. Material and Methods: Research was conducted in a group of 169 employees. They were asked to fill in questionnaires assessing their chronic work regulatory focus, organizational regulatory focus and job satisfaction. To measure mental well-being we administered the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We conducted mediation analysis in regression. Results: The results of the mediation analysis confirmed the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relation between regulatory focus misfit and physical and mental symptoms of distress. Conclusions: The results of this study point to the fact that P–O fit can relate to goal pursuit strategies. It influences not only job satisfaction, but also employees’ health. The conclusions can be applied in the human resources management practices, e.g., it may serve as a useful argument to motivate employers to shape goals and strategies individually by managers, according to employees’ preferences. The results should be interpreted with caution because of non-random sampling. Med Pr 2014;65(5):621–631

PL

Wstęp: Dopasowanie człowieka do organizacji stanowi predyktor satysfakcji z pracy, natomiast niedopasowanie jest potencjalnym stresorem. Problem badawczy dotyczył określenia związku między poziomem dopasowania człowieka do organizacji w zakresie strategii realizacji celów a zdrowiem psychicznym. Założono, że mediatorem tego związku jest satysfakcja z pracy. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięło udział 169 pracujących osób. Z wykorzystaniem kwestionariuszy sprawdzano osobowościowe i organizacyjne nastawienie regulacyjne oraz satysfakcję z pracy badanych. Wskaźniki zdrowia psychicznego zmierzono Kwestionariuszem Ogólnego Stanu Zdrowia (General Health Questionnaire – GHQ-28). Zależność zbadano przy pomocy analizy mediacyjnej w modelu regresji. Wyniki: Zgodnie z hipotezami zaobserwowano, że satysfakcja z pracy pośredniczy w związku między niedopasowaniem człowieka do organizacji w zakresie strategii realizacji celów a zdrowiem psychicznym (liczbą symptomów fizycznych, symptomów depresji, niepokoju i bezsenności oraz zaburzeń funkcjonowania). Wnioski: Wyniki badania wskazują na ważną rolę dopasowania do organizacji w zakresie sposobu realizowania celów. Wpływa ono nie tylko na satysfakcję z pracy, ale może również wiązać się ze zdrowiem psychicznym. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdzają zasadność formułowania celów zawodowych i strategii ich realizacji w sposób bardziej indywidualny i dostosowany do preferencji pracowników. Przy interpretacji wyników należy zachować ostrożność ze względu na nielosowo dobraną próbę badanych. Med. Pr. 2014;65(5):621–631

16

Temperamentalny czynnik ryzyka zaburzeń stanu zdrowia pracowników sądownictwa

58%

Orlak K., Tylka J.

Medycyna Pracy

|

2017

|

vol. 68

|

issue 3

375-390

EN

Background The aim of this paper was to examine how temperament might moderate the health impact of psychosocial hazards at work and thus to attempt to identify the temperament risk factor in the judiciary staff. Material and Methods The data were collected from 355 court employees, including judges, judicial assistants, court clerks and service workers from criminal, civil, commercial as well as from labor and social insurance divisions. The psychosocial work environment was measured with the Psychosocial Working Conditions Questionnaire by Cieślak and Widerszal-Bazyl, temperament with Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory adopted by Hornowska and employee health status was screened with Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire- 28 (GHQ-28) adopted by Makowska and Merecz. The health impact of job strain with moderating effects of temperament traits was estimated with logistic regression (forward stepwise selection based on the likelihood ratio for the model). Results The analyses confirmed the moderating role of temperament in the health consequences of work-related stress. High score in novelty seeking was identified as independent temperament risk factor for mental health disturbances in judiciary staff facing at least medium job demands. The job control was a protective factor while relative risk of negative health outcomes was also elevated due to female gender. Conclusions Temperament may control sensitivity to the environmental exposure to psychosocial hazards at work and its health consequences. Further research is needed to explore and understand better the moderating role of temperament in the relation between job stress (strain) and health in different vocational groups and workplaces. Med Pr 2017;68(3):375–390

PL

Wstęp Celem pracy była eksploracja temperamentu jako moderatora konsekwencji zdrowotnych narażenia pracowników sądownictwa na zagrożenia psychospołeczne w pracy oraz próba wyodrębnienia temperamentalnego czynnika ryzyka. Materiał i metody W badaniu uwzględniono dane zebrane od 355 pracowników sądownictwa powszechnego: sędziów, asystentów, urzędników i pracowników obsługi z wydziałów cywilnych, karnych, gospodarczych oraz pracy i ubezpieczeń społecznych. Do pomiaru wykorzystano: Kwestionariusz Psychospołeczne Warunki Pracy autorstwa Cieślaka i Widerszal-Bazyl, Kwestionariusz Temperamentu i Charakteru (Temperament and Character Inventory – TCI) Cloningera w adaptacji Hornowskiej oraz Kwestionariusz Ogólnego Stanu Zdrowia Goldberga (General Health Questionnaire-28 – GHQ-28) w adaptacji Makowskiej i Merecz. Analizy prowadzono w modelu regresji logistycznej metodą selekcji postępującej w oparciu o iloraz wiarygodności dla modelu. Wyniki Uzyskane rezultaty potwierdzają moderujący wpływ temperamentu na skutki zdrowotne stresu związanego z pracą. Ujawniono, że wysoki poziom poszukiwania nowości stanowi niezależny temperamentalny czynnik ryzyka wystąpienia zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego wśród pracowników sądownictwa w sytuacji ekspozycji na umiarkowane lub wysokie wymagania w pracy. Istotnym czynnikiem ochronnym okazała się kontrola nad pracą. Płeć żeńska zwiększała ryzyko szkód zdrowotnych. Wnioski Temperament może być czynnikiem kontrolującym wpływ zagrożeń psychospołecznych na zdrowie pracowników. Konieczne są dalsze badania w celu lepszego poznania moderującej roli temperamentu w występowaniu konsekwencji zdrowotnych stresu związanego z pracą, z uwzględnieniem specyfiki różnych grup zawodowych i środowisk pracy. Med. Pr. 2017;68(3):375–390

17

Stan psychiczny kierowców – sprawców wypadków drogowych

58%

Merecz-Kot D., Waszkowska M., Wężyk A.

Medycyna Pracy

|

2015

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vol. 66

|

issue 4

525-538

EN

Background This study aimed at exploring the phenomenon of motor vehicle accidents (MVA). The following research questions were addressed: what are the immediate reactions to accidents among MVA perpetrators, do MVA perpetrators develop posttraumatic stress symptoms, and what are the differences between high and low symptomatic signs in terms of socio-demographics and accident features? Material and Methods Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) questionnaire by Watson et al. in the Polish adaptation was applied to assess PTSD and its subclinical symptoms. The information on the MVA nature, declared MVA causes, drivers’ reactions after MVA, as well as on the age, education and history of driving in the study group was collected. The results of psychological examination obtained from 209 MVA perpetrators were analyzed. The examination took place at least 1 month after the accident. Results In 1/3 of the study group no physiological reactions were observed directly after the accident, while 46% of respondents experienced trembling and shaking and about 30% of subjects were crying or having tears in their eyes. Compassion for the injured and victims, guilt, helplessness and fear were the most common among immediate psychological reactions related to the accident. On the day of psychological examination 11.2% of drivers met diagnostic criteria for PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition (DSM-IV). Drivers showing low and high PTSD symptoms did not differ in terms of age, education, and subjective perception of accident cause. Women were significantly overrepresented it the group meeting the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Conclusions The results of the study indicate the need to carry on systematic screening for mental health problems in drivers involved in serious MVA as a part of strategy for improving road safety. Med Pr 2015;66(4):525–538

PL

Wstęp W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad konsekwencjami psychologicznymi uczestnictwa w wypadku drogowym u jego sprawców. Poszukiwano odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: jakie są bezpośrednie reakcje sprawców na wypadek drogowy, czy u sprawców wypadków drogowych występują objawy zaburzenia po stresie traumatycznym (post-traumatic stress disorder – PTSD) i co różnicuje osoby o wysokim nasileniu symptomów PTSD od osób o niskim nasileniu tego stresu? Materiał i metody W badaniu wykorzystano Kwestionariusz do badania zaburzenia po stresie traumatycznym (K-PTSD) i ankietę pozwalającą uzyskać informacje na temat charakteru wypadku, deklarowanych przyczyn wypadku, bezpośrednich reakcji na wypadek oraz cech demograficznych badanych. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 209 sprawców wypadków drogowych, w czasie nie krótszym niż miesiąc od wypadku. Wyniki Jedna trzecia badanych zadeklarowała, że tuż po wypadku nie doświadczała żadnych fizjologicznych reakcji na niego. Czterdzieści sześć procent osób doświadczyło takich stanów jak drżenie całego ciała lub kończyn, a około 30% płakało lub miało łzy w oczach na miejscu zdarzenia. Współczucie dla ofiar, poczucie winy, bezradności i strach były najpowszechniejszymi doznaniami ze wszystkich badanych bezpośrednich reakcji na wypadek. W dniu badania psychologicznego u 11,2% sprawców wypadku można było rozpoznać PTSD zgodnie z kryteriami DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition – Diagnostyczny i statystyczny podręcznik zaburzeń psychicznych, wydanie 4). Osób o wysokim i niskim natężeniu symptomów PTSD nie różniły wiek, wykształcenie ani subiektywne postrzeganie przyczyn wypadku. Z kolei wśród osób z rozpoznanym PTSD istotnie częściej występowały kobiety. Wnioski Wyniki badania wskazują na konieczność wprowadzenia monitoringu stanu zdrowia psychicznego u kierowców uczestniczących w poważnych wypadkach drogowych jako części strategii poprawy bezpieczeństwa na drogach. Med. Pr. 2015;66(4):525–538

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