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Michael Polanyi a rozwój idei porządku spontanicznego w XX wieku: w cieniu Hayeka

100%
Leszek P.
Ekonomia. Wrocław Economic Review
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2014
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vol. 20
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issue 1
27 - 38
EN
The idea of spontaneous order was crystallized — at least in the fi eld of social science — as a result of considerations on how human communities are organized. The economic and philosophic thought of Friedrich von Hayek was of great importance to its development in the 20th century and nowadays many authors almost exclusively attribute to the Austrian scholar most of the achievements in this area. ‘Spontaneous order’ became a kind of Hayek’s trademark, carved out by him on the pages of Constitution of Liberty as well as Law, Legislation and Legislation and Liberty: Rules and Order and later promoted by dozens of monographs dedicated to him and his thought. Therefore — maybe a little in spite of the above-mentioned — in this article my aim is to briefly outline the appropriate topic of refl ections of Michael Polanyi, who seems to contribute to the idea as much as Hayek, but whose achievements in this field have not been fully recognized and studied yet, at least in Polish literature.
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Vědecká praxe jako osobní poznání: epistemologický odkaz Michaela Polanyiho

89%
Pudil M.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
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2022
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vol. 44
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issue 1
89-115
EN
Continuously from the 1940s, Michael Polanyi comments on topics that have resonated later since the 1960s in the works of his fellow theorists of science, philosophers of natural sciences, and epistemologists (for the purposes of this study, only T. S. Kuhn and K. R. Popper are mentioned). First part of this article provides a brief reconstruction of Polanyi’s concept of „personal knowledge“ which focuses mainly on the interconnection of the individual level of scientific research with its social dimension. My aim is to evaluate the potential of this concept for the interpretation of research fields where sciences are in close contact with other disciplines. I am convinced that Polanyi’s original approach to the problem of reality (or degrees of reality as he puts it) should be read as an advocacy of diversity of thought. In my interpretation, Polanyi carries out some form of philosophical therapy of science and its self-concept, which, like the whole of Western society, has undergone dramatic changes over the last century.
CS
Michael Polanyi se od čtyřicátých let 20. stol. vyjadřoval k tématům, která od let šedesátých rezonovala v dílech jeho kolegů teoretiků vědy, filosofů přírodních věd a epistemologů (pro účely této studie se zde zmíním pouze stručně o T. S. Kuhnovi a K. R. Popperovi). První část předložené studie zrekonstruuje stěžejní body jeho konceptu „osobního poznání“ (personal knowledge), který se zaměřuje na propojení perspektivy individuální úrovně vědeckého zkoumání s jeho sociálním rozměrem. Cílem je jeho náhledy zhodnotit zejména z hlediska potenciálu, jaký mají pro interpretaci výzkumné práce v oborech na pomezí vědy a dalších disciplín. Jsem přesvědčen, že neotřelý pohled na otázku reality (a její stratifikace), se kterým Polanyi přichází, lze číst jako obhajobu diverzity myšlení. Polanyi v mé interpretaci provádí jistou formu filosofické terapie vědy a jejího sebepojetí, které v minulém století procházelo, stejně jako celá západní společnost, dramatickými proměnami.
3
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Kłopoty z wiedzą niejawną (tacit knowledge) w poglądach Michaela Polanyiego

71%
Zmyślony I.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 1 (191)
49-65
EN
The aim of the article is characteristic of some basic ordeals in reconstruction of Polanyi’s idea of tacit knowledge, as well as exposition of its typical ways of understanding. Paper consists of seven points: (1 – 3) contains an analysis of author’s texts in aspect of typical ways of usage of the term and some other meaning-related categories; in (4) some major methodological challenges facing its definition are picked out, while in (5) main ways of interpretation elaborated by author’s researchers are being expound; (6) focuses on relation between idea of tacit and explicit knowledge, while (7) highlights the role of tacit knowledge in process of problem- -solving.
4
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Pasje intelektualne i ich selektywna funkcja w koncepcji poznania naukowego w Personal knowledge Michaela Polanyiego

71%
Szkonter O.
Semina Scientiarum
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2013
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vol. 12
EN
This paper shows philosophical views of Michael Polanyi, in the context of his greatest work Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy. In his study, Polanyi presents the original concept of science and knowledge, which include tacit components, such as: the personal, tacit knowledge, personal engagement, intellectual passions and participation in the scientists community, which shares the same tradition, language, frameworks and culture. All that makes the philosophy of Polanyi situated against the concept of objectivity in science which excludes personal participation in act of knowing and creating knowledge. As one of the most important factors in science formation Polanyi considers intellectual passions, which have heuristic, selective, persuasive functions. The present article is a summary of the main idea of the intellectual passions, in respect of their selective function in science. As Polanyi maintains, scientific passions have a logical function which contributes an indispensable element to science. They charge objects with emotions, making them repulsive or attractive and help distinguish between demonstratable facts which are of scientific interest, and those which are not. Furthermore, scientific passions depend ultimately on a sense of intellectual beauty, which can never be dispassionately defined, as well as the beauty of a work of art or the excellence of a noble action.
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