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Early Bronze burial materials from site 2 in Książnice, świętokrzyskie province

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Wilk S.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2014

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vol. 66

241–278

EN

The subject of the analysis in this article are three skeletal graves of the Mierzanowice culture, excavated in the seasons of 2008 and 2010 at site 2 in Książnice, Świętokrzyskie province. From the graves discussed above we have one radiocarbon date, obtained from grave 1 MC, which is 3715±35BP. The burial inventory is relatively rich, consisting of flint arrowheads, a bone pin, boar tusk pendants, bone and shell beads, as well as copper artefacts, is characteristic of the classical and late phases. Remains of the settlement and cemetery of the Mierzanowice culture mark the youngest chronological horizon on site 2 in Książnice. With certainty, we can relate all of the three skeletal graves, as well as the ditch running along the NW-SE-S axis across the central part of the elevation on which the site is located and the sacrificial pit.

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Znaleziska grobowe (?) kultury mierzanowickiej na Mazowszu

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Libera J., Matraszek B.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2006

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vol. LVIII

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issue 58

374-375

EN

Several years ago, a Volhynian flint axe was found in a sand extraction pit located directly at the so-called Piwonin Lake, some 250 m south of the village of Piwonin, comm. Sobienie-Jeziory, distr. Otwock, woj. mazowieckie. The measurements are: reconstructed length – 142 mm, width of cutting edge – 52 mm, maximal thickness of the body – 17 mm. A flint ‘spearhead’ also comes from the vicinity, that is, from Sobieńki village. It is a projectile point made of Volhynian flint with the following measurements: length – 168 mm, width of the cutting edge – 53 mm, maximal thickness of the body – 15 mm, weight – 112.1 g. The appearance of both artefacts (axe and projectile point) can be viewed as remains of a non-ceramic grave or graves of the Mierzanowice Culture, which should be dated to the early phase of this culture (cf B. Bargieł, J. Libera 2005). Similar projectile point made of Volhynian flint constituted, apart from a nondescript axe and stone battle-axe which were lost, the furniture of the burial from Wola Wodyńska, distr. Siedlce (J. Przyborowski 1882, p. 190–191, fig. p. 190).

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Znaleziska gromadne siekier krzemiennych z Lubelszczyzny

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Libera J.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2003

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vol. LVI

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issue 56

45-50

EN

The study of “flint deposits” recorded in Poland bases largely on finds of multiple blades and tools fashioned from them, occasionally discovered in company of tools made in the core technique. A much less common category produce deposits formed by axes only. So far, just three such finds have been registered in the Lublin region and defined as “hoards”: a set recovered during regular excavation (Klementowice), and two deposits originating from random finds (Złojec and Kraśniczyn-Wojciechów). In literature of the subject the deposits from Klementowice and Złojec are being identified with the Funnel Beaker Culture, however, the case of the set from Złojec is somewhat doubtful. The “hoard” contained a square axe (Fig. 1), fully corresponding to the stylistic-metric and weight parameters of similar tools known from the so-called Little Poland industry of the Funnel Beaker Culture, as well as a number of much later forms with a thick lenticular cross-section (Fig. 2, 3). The macrolithic character of the latter, 110–120 mm long specimens evidently makes them incompatible with the group of Neolithic axes. In their largest outline the pieces resemble some of the sickle specimens of the Mierzanowice Culture. Such a substantial chronological span of the collection from Złojec strongly suggests the merging of deposits (either by their finders or the person who turned the finds over to archaeologists), ones presumably originating from different locations. In view of these reservations it is safe to assume that only the two lenticular axes originally formed a single deposit. Culture affiliation of the third set, from Kraśniczyn-Wojciechów, is also problematic, as each axe in this assemblage represents a different form (Fig. 4, 5). Nevertheless, as far as the largest fully finished specimen is concerned, it has close analogies mainly with stone tool manufacture of the Mierzanowice Culture, relatively well evidenced both in the region of Kraśniczyn and in its immediate hinterland. Each of the three flint axe deposits in question may of a different character. The set from Klementowice, consisting of a roughout, a considerably worn specimen and an undetermined piece, was discovered at a Funnel Beaker settlement. Consequently it may represent the remains of a cache deposited inside a prehistoric structure, dwelling or workshop, a stock of material accumulated for later use in tool production. The random finds of finished axes (including the roughout) with lenticular cross-section, from Złojec and Kraśniczyn-Wojciechów, lacking culture context, may equally well represent the remains of household caches or the grave furnishings of destroyed, presumably Mierzanowice Culture, burials

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Unikatowy zabytek spod Starachowic

63%

Wiśniewski T.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2006

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vol. LVIII

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issue 58

375-377

EN

In the spring of 2002, an object of regular shape was found during home gardening in the village of Tychów Nowy, comm. Mirzec, distr. Starachowice, woj. świętokrzyskie. The object had regular trapezoidal outline in plane, with a slightly oblique and rounded butt, and a damaged cutting edge (Fig. 1). The majority of the surface of the object, apart from the dihedral side, show clear traces of multidirectional polishing which also covers the area of the butt. The tool was made of the chocolate flint. We are dealing here with a knife-like form – a kind of backed knife, which in its final shape could have been also used as an axe. Taking into account the original function as a backed knife, the dating of the object should be narrowed down to the Early Bronze Age, most probably to the Mierzanowice Culture.

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3 Wiadomości Archeologiczne

1 Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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1 Matraszek B.

1 Wilk S.

1 Wiśniewski T.

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2 2006

1 2003

Early Bronze burial materials from site 2 in Książnice, świętokrzyskie province

Znaleziska grobowe (?) kultury mierzanowickiej na Mazowszu

Znaleziska gromadne siekier krzemiennych z Lubelszczyzny

Unikatowy zabytek spod Starachowic