Search results

1

Folklore Festivals in Moravia in the Light of Social Development

100%

Pavlicová M.

Our Europe. Ethnography – Ethnology – Anthropology of Culture

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2014

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issue Vol. 3

61-68

EN

The contribution Folklore Festivals in Moravia in the Light of Social Development deals with the interest in folk culture, or rather folklore expressions and their presentation at ethnographic festivities and folklore festivals. It pays attention to the first impulses for these activities, the struggles of individuals and institutions and especially the social connections of the mentioned cultural stream. As to the territory, the study of this development focuses on Moravia where since the late-19th century the living folk culture blended with the efforts to safeguard it, and where currently ethno-cultural traditions develop, which many cases have their roots in the legacy of folk culture.

2

České, moravské a slezské dialekty v proměnách doby

80%

Krčmová M.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2014

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vol. 24

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issue 4

301 - 307

EN

Historical milestones are not projected immediately to the set of language means typical for a particular dialect, because the dialect is a private manner of speech actively acquired in childhood and passed down in a natural way by generations between which the continuity survives. It is necessary not to look for the causes of dialect transformations in the language itself, but in changed condition under which the dialect as means of communication is used. In our territory, such means are influenced mainly by the industrialization, which causes the migration of inhabitants and forms new communication communities in which a common usual language is created. Such a process was running in Bohemia in the entire 19th century, resulting in a quite stabilized general colloquial Czech; in Moravia and Silesia, however, we can notice it much later and the traditional dialect survived until recently. Unfortunately, because of the lack of older relevant authentic language material ,we are not able to show any concrete data about the rate of transformations, and the results of the contemporary development of general manner of speech will be obvious in some tens of years.

3

Drobná středověká plastika na Moravě. Příspěvek k tématu archeologie a hračky

80%

Měchurová Z.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2016

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vol. 19

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issue 2

51-73

EN

Small clay sculptures represent an exceptional element of pottery finds from medieval archaeological sites. From functional point of view they are considered mainly as children´s toys but also as objects of religious, votive character that may have been sold for a low price at wakes and annual markets. According to their motive they may be divided in several groups: human figures appear as various dolls (female figurines in secular clothes with a headdress called kruseler, monks with cowl, Madonnas and Saints with their attributes in hands, naked little boys – Infant Jesus); animal sculptures feature mainly horses and horses with riders. In spite of a strong heterogeneity one can observe in Moravian medieval pottery figurines standard types appearing all over Central Europe; this fact documents a common period concept as well as a good level of trade in High Middle Ages.

4

Městská kolejová doprava v rakouském železničním zákonodárství do roku 1914 na příkladu Brna, Ostravy a Olomouce

80%

Závodná M.

Hospodářské dějiny (Economic History)

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2011

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vol. 26

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issue 2

154-172

EN

At the beginning of 1870s, the tramway with animate power were quite independent on Austrian railway laws. In the period before 1894 the problem of character of horse/streetcars ant its corporation into new railway law was discussed, but this negotiations were not successful. Until 1894 the urban mass transportation was divided into two independent legislative groups. The first one was made by horse car and the second was made by steam streetcars and local railways. The biggest change came in the year 1894, when the government of the Austro-Hungarian Empire passed new law. Based on this law, the streetcars no matter of drive made a special group of light railways with specific articles. Generally, the progress was characterized by growing attention to local economical, social and spatial needs of cities or regions. This legislative changes also bounced in development of urban mass transport in Moravian cities Brno, Ostrava and Olomouc. The different types of urban mass transport were based on different laws. This situation was also mirrored in form of drive, operator and provider of horse car and streetcar. It could be private enterprise as in case of Brno and Ostrava or municipality as in case of Olomouc.

5

Textilindustrie in der Geschichte des Nordmährens — bisheriger Stand der Forschung

80%

Dubská P.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2015

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vol. 21

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issue 1

26-39

EN

The presented historiography survey would like to map and assess a situation in existing research of the textile industry in Northern Moravia. The interest in the Northern Moravian textile industry started as early as in 1840s. In the decades to come, virtually up to the end of the WWII the research of the textile industry in Northern Moravia was mainly a „domain“ of German homeland researchers who focused mainly upon development of particular manufactures, beginning of the factory production, life of the weavers, spinners and homecraft labourers, much less then upon prominent enterpreneurial personalities and families. Systematic professional research of the Northern Moravian textile industry history concerning started in 1950s mainly in connection with the names of František Mainuš, Miloň Dohnal or Milan Myška. These authors dealt predominantly with the issue of the end of the guild production, development of the scattered and then concentrated production and last but not the least the rise of the industrial revolution in the first half of the 19th century. The greatest deal of the work was carried out in 1970s and 1980s thanks to historians, archive workers and other professionals around specialized research centres in Trutnov and Ústí nad Orlicí. One of them is also a well-known Šumperk archive worker and historian František Spurný who within his thorough research deals among others with a fate of prominent enterpreneurial families as much as with a development of the Northern Moravian textile industry after 1945. The last two decades nevertheless have brought forth a decline in interest in the textile production history, not being it only the Northern Moravian one. The greatest attention has been paid in the domestic textile industry to projects focused upon a research and protection of the industrial heritage in our country. However, we may generally state that present textile industry history research has been facing a considerable fragmentation of themes and a lack of a systematic approach to the given issue.

6

Koncepcja krzemieniarstwa schyłkowego na przykładzie eneolitu Moraw

80%

Kopacz J.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2012

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vol. 60

25-47

EN

The concept of Terminal Lithic Industries has been developed as a result of a century-long interest of Polish archaeologists in chipped stone materials from the turn of Stone and Bronze Ages. Terminal assemblages of that period are described by such elements as: prevalence of easy available local rocks of any quality over imported rocks, decline of laminar techniques, gradual replacement of typological tools by non-typological forms of expedient use, the presence of implements of «high technical investment» serving mainly as prestige symbols, etc. The concept is presented in relations to lithic assemblages from younger stages of the Moravian Eneolithic.

7

Geographic information dream

80%

Horáková A.

Prace Etnograficzne

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2013

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vol. 41

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issue 4

287–295

EN

Geographic information system (hereinafter GIS) enables space data to save, operate and analyse. Therefore it is primarily defined for branches that are based on dealing with spatially usable data (e.g. cartography, transport, public administration etc.). Nevertheless, GIS has its use in other branches as well – it can be applied in such cases when information of focused phenomenon is operated and when at the same time this phenomenon is connected with specific area (e.g. in archaeology, architecture, preservation of monuments etc.).

8

Žito a MacGill aneb staroskotský tagheirm v moravské pověsti

80%

Dědovský D.

Národopisný věstník

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2013

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vol. 30_(72)

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issue 2

43-69

EN

In the first third of 19th century the romantic movement inspired interest in folklore. Folk art was collected, published and reworked by professional artists, especially as concerned epic folklore genres. Authentic legends, published in Vienna by Alois Mednyanský, include a romantic novella in a remarkable way utilising a folklore theme from two different European cultures. The study traces and analyses the folklore theme used for the story and tries to reconstruct the path through which the theme from the remote Scotland reached Mednyanský. The novella intentionally creates an impression to be a historic legend set in the times of Hussite wars, being interlaced with strongly pro-Catholic criticism of the period happenings. The story adopts the character of the Bohemian sorcerer called Žito 74 and uses elements of Moravian life and institutions. A Moravian patrician in the role of a romantic pilgrim sets off for a dangerous journey with a tragic end. The description of Scottish life documents profound knowledge and understanding of Scottish legends and local names by the author. In addition it documents period fascination with Scottish history. Past of the novella analyses the ritual of taghairm nan caht - its variants and functions in the traditional Gaelic culture - its description is the literary apogee of the novella and was probably taken over from the London paper The Literary Gazette.

9

Národopisná témata na stránkách kalendáře Koleda a časopisů Koleda a Komenský

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Pokorná Korytarová L.

Národopisný věstník

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2013

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vol. 30_(72)

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issue 1

44-58

EN

The study analyses the ethnographical articles in selected periodicals published in the second half of the 19th century in Moravia: the Koleda calendar (1851-1858), the Koleda magazine (1876-1881) and the Komenský magazine (1873-1902). This study comments on the contribution of these publications to the documentation of folk culture in Moravia and formation of ethnology as a scientific discipline. It highlights the share of the editors and contributors in the formation of the calendar and both magazines and points out some motives which led to the publication of the ethnographical texts. It recalls some fundamental articles. The analysed periodicals primarily focused on folklore in the Czech lands as well as other Slavic countries, family and annual customs and superstitions. In all three cases, ethnography was a supplementary, not a primary theme. The occurrence of ethnographical texts depended on current situation.

10

The socio-cultural dimension of peddlery in Moravia and Silesia

80%

Drápala D.

Our Europe. Ethnography – Ethnology – Anthropology of Culture

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2014

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issue Vol. 3

41-60

EN

Peddling is one way of selling goods, which, unlike other forms of trade, takes place in the home of the customer. The first mention of peddlers is found in the Middle Ages and the early Modern period, but in Central Europe it started evolving in the 18th century. It became a way to get material security for the poor population, especially in mountainous and foothill areas. Peddlery was subjected to the intense control of the authorities and was restricted by certain legal standards. In Moravia and Silesia peddlers were not only local people, but also traders from neighbouring countries of the Habsburg Monarchy (Slovakia, Galicia) or the Balkans. In the majority society a negative stereotype gradually began to form of the peddler, influenced, for example, by traders and artisans from the towns, by printing, by the anti-Semitic movement, etc. But in rural communities peddlers who respected basic ethical norms were able to gain people’s trust.

11

Sheep fur coat in the ethnographic area of Haná in Moravia within the European context

80%

Křížová A.

Our Europe. Ethnography – Ethnology – Anthropology of Culture

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2014

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issue Vol. 3

29-40

XX

Haná is the oldest formed ethnographic area in Moravia with distinctive features in all fields of folk culture, architecture, clothing, dialect, and folk literature. Sheep coat with jagged hem, called Zipfelpelz in German and cípatý kožich in Czech, which drew the attention of writers and topographers as early as in the late–18th century, was one of such noticeable characteristics. It represented the peculiarity of local inhabitants. Although some researchers understand it as an archaic form of clothing, written reports and pictorial evidences come from the late–18th and 19th centuries, when it was considered to be obsolete and disappeared. German authors use the term Zipfelpelz for fur coats of different appearance; inhabitants of the Polish Baltics, in the region of Lake Gardno and Lake Łebsko lakes, wore a close form of this fur coat.

12

Bohemian Crown subjects in Polish province of the Order of St. Paul in 18th century

70%

Szpak J.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2019

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vol. 10

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issue 1

14-32

EN

The Order of St. Paul the First Hermit was granted the Pope’s approval of the religious community in 1308. To Poland, the Pauline Fathers were brought at the invitation of Władysław, the Duke of Opole. Altogether, there were twenty-two Pauline monasteries on the Polish territory, with the most important location of Jasna Góra in Częstochowa. Apart from Poland, the Order of St. Paul had influence also on the neighbouring lands of the Bohemian Crown; in the 18th century, there were 102 monks originating from those areas of the Polish Province. Most of them came from Silesia (58 persons) and Moravia (32 individuals), and entered the novitiate between 1761 and 1770 (20 individuals) and between 1721 and 1730 (15 individuals). Most of the monks came from Kroměříž in Moravia (4), Racibórz, Opole in Silesia (3 from each town), Nový Jičín in Moravia (4), Olesno and Wrocław in Silesia (3 from each town), Tarnowskie Gory, Frýdek in Silesia, Příbor and Olomouc in Moravia (2 from each location). When entering the novitiate, the age of the Bohemian Crown subjects were ranged between 16 and 48 years, with most of the candidates being 21 and 22 years old (25 individuals in total). The usual period of time spent in the monastery was between 31 and 40 years, and the average lifespan – 29 years. The monks of the Czech origin usually died at the age of 33–41 and 55–65. A vast majority of the monks were priests (71 individuals) and only 2 of them were secular monks. Friars coming from the Czech lands performed various functions and roles within the Order, like vicar general and definitor general, provincial definitor, prior, sub-prior, provisor and novice master. There was also a large group dedicated to the academic studies and musical composition, as well as various pastoral roles, like preachers, confessors, exorcists and chaplains.

13

Sociální souvislosti folklorismu na Moravě na konci 19. století

70%

Doušek R.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2016

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vol. 103

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issue 2

199-216

EN

Based on identifi ed contacts and crises in rural Moravia, and using the explicitly obvious symbolism of traditional rural culture, this paper presents folklorism as a symbolic system, utilized in late 19th-century rural Moravia within three often overlapping ideological discourses: Czech nationalism and conservatism (often founded in religion), as well as emancipation tendencies of the countryside, even if in reality, the ideologies had often overlapped. The paper concludes that in our attempt to understand the shared folklorism in late 19th-century rural Moravia, we need to take into consideration the as yet overlooked crisis of the countryside, caused by emerging industrialization and urbanization. One of its symptoms was the depopulation of the countryside, which had either outright destroyed some parts of rural Moravia, and created a pressure in others. In relatively wellpreserved, suffi ciently populated rural communities, this could have created conditions suitable for utilizing the symbolic potential of folklorism to emphasize the merits and virtues of rural life and present the countryside as a suitably cultured space for living.

14

Mapová aplikace Lidový oděv na Moravě a etnokartografická prezentace kabátového oděvu

70%

Šimša M.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2014

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vol. 24

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issue 3

217 - 231

EN

In 2011, the National Institute of Folk Culture in Strážnice was charged to solve the project titled Traditional Folk Dress in Moravia; Identification, analysis, preservation and continually sustainable condition of collection material from 1850–1950. Within this task, a plethora of expert outputs of identification or analytic nature came into being. Many of them were presented to the professional and amateur public in the form of expert studies or publications. The information about documented garments could only be made available thanks to the GIS map web Folk Dress in Moravia. The web shall provide the researchers with source information about the folk garments placed in collections of Czech and Moravian museums. Particular types of garments, such as trousers, vests, jackets, coats, shirts, blouses, skirts and women’s waistcoats or bodices etc. will be identified according to united systematics and the acquired information will be placed in a database. It allows to compare the garments and to form a group with identical properties. Based on these properties, particular types and variants thereof are presented on the map. The depicted pictograms of garments allow to move to a database card, in which not only the source information but also drawings and pattern sketches are included.

15

Po stopách cyrilometodějské tradice v prozaickém folkloru a v některých vlastních jménech Moravy a Slezska

70%

Šrámková M., Šrámek R.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2013

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vol. 23

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issue 2

83 – 92

EN

The essay’s aim is to trace the basic features as regards content, which characterize the Cyril-and- Methodius tradition in prosaic folklore, and which in form of a short message – regest – form a part of cultural and historici awareness. In folklore narrations in Moravia and Silesia, the Cyril-and-Methodius cycle keeps it stable position. The corresponding interest in this cycle is growing in dependence on the development in social and cultural conditions – e.g. in the second half of the 19th century in connection with strengthening the national identity (which found expression in the St. Wenceslas cycle in Bohemia) or with forming the historical awareness of so-called Moravian identity. It emphasizes the Christianizing and cultural importance. The present revitalization of the cult bears fitness thereof. The cult is spread especially in the regions from the South of Moravian through Eastern Moravian to Silesia (so-called wider Opava Region) and adjacent regions of the ethnographic area of Haná (to the region of Litovel). In Western Moravia, only a reference to apostles’ journey to Bohemia occurs. The essay is concluded with an analysis of names occurring in etymological legends, as well as with notes concerning folk etymology.

16

Mendikanti v začátcích urbanizace českých zemí

70%

Žemlička J.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 2

109-125

EN

The study of towns and medieval urbanization in general cannot avoid the questions associated with the spread of the mendicant orders, first of the Minorites, Dominicans and their female counterparts. The mendicants comprised a small but distinctive class of the urban population from the beginning of the creation of the network of urban municipalities of Bohemia and Moravia, namely from the 1220s. Their hospitalities were located in the walls of larger and economically stronger royal towns; later, the cloisters of the mendicants also took root in the smaller towns and townships.

17

Sídlištní struktura šternberského panství ve 14. století

70%

Novák J.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2020

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vol. 23

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issue 2

65-103

EN

Šternberks belonged to the leading aristocratic families of Moravia; they owned extensive property, and also held leading provincial offices. The core of their power and the starting point for their later expansion was the Šternberk estate, to which dominated the castle and the castle town. The estate was located north of Olomouc and extended to the borders of Moravia. A detailed analysis of the constitution of their property during the 14th century will offer an insight into the overall structure of the estate consistent of several other towns and a large number of villages. The number of their estates thus exceeded other aristocratic estates in Moravia of the last quarter of the 14th century.

18

The Early to Middle Bronze Age transition as exemplified by Moravia

70%

Šabatová K., Parma D.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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issue 24

124-139

EN

The current study of late prehistoric chronology is aimed at defining more robust horizons and, often, at documenting the continuity of phenomena. Systematic records and rescue excavations make it possible to better quantify archaeological sources and identify periods in which archaeological records are missing. The article addresses the issue of the end of Únětice cemeteries in Moravia connected with the movement of burials to the surface level beneath barrows as well as long term traits regarded as chronologically sensitive. The basic trends are supported with the absolute dates of graves.

19

Evangelický církevní řád z Velkého Meziříčí jako podklad integračních snah moravských evangelíků z konce 16. století

70%

Hrdlička J., Reischlová D.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2021

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vol. 36

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issue 1

33-54

EN

The study compares an undated text of an evangelical church ordinance found in the archive of the town of Lipník nad Bečvou probably from the beginning of the 1590s with a church ordinance that was created at an assembly of the evangelical nobility and clergy in Velké Meziříčí in October 1576, the final version of which was printed in Frankfurt an der Oder in 1581 and 1584. These textually very similar sources were studied in the context of integration attempts of Moravian evangelicals that took place in the last third of the 16th century and were meant to lead to a creation of a unified evangelical religious organization for the entire land. The study follows engagements of individual actors in these attempts, the basis of which was the church ordinance from Velké Meziříčí. It focusses especially on the role of the evangelical nobility that was involved in the making of the order from Velké Meziříčí and subsequently strove to disseminate it. It also discusses support the evangelical nobility and clergy sought for their activities in the Holy Roman Empire. In conclusion, the study attempts to answer the question as to why all these attempts to constitute a supraregional evangelical religious organization in Moravia failed. The study is based on evangelical sources and on the study of written documents by their catechismal opponents from among the Catholics and the Unity of Brethren.

20

Česká krajina ve středověké transformaci

61%

Žemlička J.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2012

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vol. 15

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issue 1

7-43

EN

The study deals with the influence of human activities on the landscape in the thirteenth century, hence at a time when the Přemyslid state was undergoing a wave of dramatic transformations, labelled today as the medieval transformation. Special attention is focused on the influence of mills and generally ‘water’ facilities (weirs, ponds etc.) on the environment and further on the role of the forest whose massive depletions settlement progress and colonisation contributed to.

Refine search results

Folklore Festivals in Moravia in the Light of Social Development

České, moravské a slezské dialekty v proměnách doby

Drobná středověká plastika na Moravě. Příspěvek k tématu archeologie a hračky

Městská kolejová doprava v rakouském železničním zákonodárství do roku 1914 na příkladu Brna, Ostravy a Olomouce

Textilindustrie in der Geschichte des Nordmährens — bisheriger Stand der Forschung

Koncepcja krzemieniarstwa schyłkowego na przykładzie eneolitu Moraw

Geographic information dream

Žito a MacGill aneb staroskotský tagheirm v moravské pověsti

Národopisná témata na stránkách kalendáře Koleda a časopisů Koleda a Komenský

The socio-cultural dimension of peddlery in Moravia and Silesia

Sheep fur coat in the ethnographic area of Haná in Moravia within the European context

Bohemian Crown subjects in Polish province of the Order of St. Paul in 18th century

Sociální souvislosti folklorismu na Moravě na konci 19. století

Mapová aplikace Lidový oděv na Moravě a etnokartografická prezentace kabátového oděvu

Po stopách cyrilometodějské tradice v prozaickém folkloru a v některých vlastních jménech Moravy a Slezska

Mendikanti v začátcích urbanizace českých zemí

Sídlištní struktura šternberského panství ve 14. století

The Early to Middle Bronze Age transition as exemplified by Moravia

Evangelický církevní řád z Velkého Meziříčí jako podklad integračních snah moravských evangelíků z konce 16. století

Česká krajina ve středověké transformaci