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„Muridiyyah" w Senegalu. Rehabilitacja i afrykanizacja islamu

100%

Ndiaye B.

Forum Politologiczne

2006

vol. 4 - Islam we współczesnej Afryce

279-302

Muridiyyah is a mystical Muslim movement originating in Senegal. Since the royal system was dismantled, Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba offered a spiritual, religious and non-violent systems to fill the gap. He founded many more settlements Daara to welcome his new disciples into Muridiyyah. These were places of gathering and learning. There people were gathered together to learn not only about the percepts of Islam and Sufism, but also received apprenticeship in trade and agriculture. One can say that the Muridiyyah differs little from the contemporary Sufi orders, but Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba places a unique emphasis on the concept of work. This is why he is frequently quoted as saying, "Work as if you would never die, and pray as if you were to die tomorrow and work is a part of religion". Touba, a city founded by Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba in 1887, is the capital of Muridiyyah. The architectural design, the construction material as well as the financial resources are all provided by the Murid community. The fast evolution of the city and the high rate of continuing urban development draw fascination to people across the globe. Muridiyyah is founded on the following pillars: The first pillar is a fundamental one, the bearing of witness that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and the keeping up of prayer and the payment of zakat and the pilgrimage and the fasting in Ramadan. The second one is the relation between man and his wife, his children, his environment and the whole of mankind. Man has to strive for the economic, social and cultural advancement of his fellow countrymen. This is what Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba denotes as Khidma (service to the community). For him it is more meritorious to live in a community helping each other. The concept of Khidma is central in the thoughts of Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba. The final pillar is Al-Ihsan, Ihsan means to worship Allah as if you see Him; for if you see Him not, surely He see you. The adherents of Muridiyyah are growing all the time among highly educated people, who find a satisfaction in the Thoughts of Ahmadou Bamba. This brotherhood does not have an analogue in other Muslim countries. It has a very important signification for the biggest part of the Senegalese people, not only in their religious live, but also in their social and professional live. There for Muri-diyyah is the basis of the Senegalese identity in this globalizing world.

Z dziejów islamu w Afryce Zachodniej

51%

N’Diaye B.

Nurt SVD

2015

issue 2

154-172

Artykuł stanowi analizę historyczną sytuacji islamu w Afryce Zachodniej. Religia ta, obecna w tym regionie od XI wieku, była najpierw wyznawana przez dwór lub dynastię rządzącą oraz otaczającą ją świtę uczonych muzułmańskich, jak to miało miejsce w imperium Mali. W okresie od XI do XVII wieku, islam, dzięki kontaktom handlowym oraz obecności marabutów na dworach królów, rozwijał się w Sudanie Zachodnim. Mimo to do końca XVII wieku nie był postrzegany jako religia mająca wielką liczbę wyznawców. Dopiero od końca XVII stulecia stał się religią, która mogła być motorem określonych zmian społecznych. Obecnie islam można uważać za religię tradycyjną Afryki Zachodniej. Uległ on procesowi afrykanizacji m.in. dzięki dokonaniom Cheikha Ahmadou Bamby, założyciela muridijja w Senegalu pod koniec XIX wieku. Jego pacyfizm oraz nauka są przykładem, który jest dziś potrzebny światu muzułmańskiemu, często uwikłanemu w morderczą nietolerancję i wzajemne wykluczenie.

This text is an analysis of Islam situation in West Africa. Present in the region since the eleventh century, however, it was the religion of the ruling dynasty, along with their surrounding Muslim scholars, as in the empire of Mali. In the period from the eleventh to the seventeenth century through trade and by the presence of marabouts in the courts of the kings, Islam developed in Western Sudan. Regardless of that process, to the end of the seventeenth century, Islam was not seen as a religion that could mobilize a fairly large number of followers. But, until the end of the seventeenth century, Islam appear as a religion that could be a force for certain changes in society. Today, Islam is a religion traditional in West Africa. Africanization process took place, because of some leaders achievements, among others, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba, the founder of «Muridiyyah» in Senegal in the late nineteenth century. His pacifism and his teachings are an example of a much-needed model of the Muslim world and the temporal world in general, engaged in a murderous intolerance and mutual exclusion.

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„Muridiyyah" w Senegalu. Rehabilitacja i afrykanizacja islamu

Z dziejów islamu w Afryce Zachodniej