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1

MUSEALISATION OF COMMUNISM, OR HOW TO CREATE NATIONAL IDENTITY IN HISTORICAL MUSEUMS

100%
Ziębińska-Witek A.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2020
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vol. 8
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issue 4
59 – 72
EN
The goal of the article is to critically analyse and deconstruct museum narratives about communism in East-Central Europe 30 years after transformation. The research material is museum exhibitions interpreted in accordance with the methodology of visual research (composition analysis, content analysis, analysis of material objects, and analysis of meanings). The first and most important museum type from the perspective of the memory canon is The Act of 6 June 1997 Penal Code (Journal of Laws of 1997, item 553). Art. 125. § 1. Whoever destroys, damages or takes away a cultural object in an occupied area or in which military operations are taking place, violating international law, shall be subject to the penalty of deprivation of liberty for a term of between one and 10 years. § 2. If the act concerns goods of particular importance for culture, the perpetrator shall be subject to the penalty of deprivation of liberty for not less than 3 years. Art. 278. § 1. Whoever takes away someone else’s movable property for the purpose of appropriation shall be subject to the penalty of deprivation of liberty for a term of between 3 months and 5 years. § 2. The same punishment shall be imposed on anyone who, without the consent of the authorised person, obtains someone else’s computer program in order to gain financial benefits. § 3. In the case of an act of a lesser significance, the perpetrator is subject to a fine, limitation of liberty or deprivation of liberty for one year. § 4. If the theft was committed to the detriment of the closest person, the prosecution takes place at the request of the injured party. Art. 279. § 1. Whoever steals by burglary is punishable by imprisonment from one to 10 years. § 2. If the burglary was committed to the detriment of the closest person, the prosecution takes place at the request of the injured party. As it represents the official historical policy of most East-European states, is the so-called identity or heroic museum. Its purpose is not so much to show the truth about the past but to create the collective memory of a society and its positive self-image.
2

LAND AND MORALITY IN A RURAL COMMUNITY: EMOTIVE LANGUAGE IN THE NARRATIVES OF THE PAST

100%
Bužeková T.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2018
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vol. 6
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issue 1
127 – 144
EN
The paper presents the analysis of ethnographic research in a village in eastern Slovakia. The author ś aim is to consider the narratives of people from countryside who witnessed socialist period and to present their view of land which they cultivated. She explores two sources: people’s life stories; and a local chronicle which was written during the 1960s. She argues that (1) both kinds of narratives serve as cultural tools for members of a collective as they recount the past in certain context; (2) in this, expression of moral emotions indicates narrative conventions related to social norms. The author demonstrates that the semi-official context of the local chronicle demands expression of moral emotions in evaluation of the big-scale political events, but the chroniclers are rather cautious in assessment of local people’s behaviour. On the other side, in informal settings people summarize life periods using moral terms and freely express positive as well as negative attitudes toward other people and social conditions, to make sense of the past events in relation to the present time. Thus, the language of emotions indicates the specific narrative context as well as social rules. At the same time, emotional expressions should be read considering a narrator’s personality and social background; in this, the local historical and cultural setting is essential.
3

Historia i stereotyp: Dwie przesłanki rozumienia innej osoby

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Antczak E., Trzebiński J.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2006
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vol. 1
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issue 2(2)
121-131
EN
One of the ways people understand the world is by creating stories. Making stories is a powerful and early acquired way an individual interprets social events, own identity and other persons (Bruner, 1986, 1991; Sarbin, 1986). Within a narrative framework a person is understood as a character of a specified history: past, ongoing, future, possible or imagined. A story context of person perception should differ from a stereotypical framework. Data from our experiments support the above assumption. The narrative mode of person data processing was activated by a priming procedure. It was contrasted with non-narrative priming and no priming condition. After the priming, the subjects were provided with data on a stimulus person. It appeared, that after narrative priming, in comparison to other priming conditions, (a) traits attribution to a stimulus person are less stereotypical and (b) motive and emotion categories became more accentuated. Also, after the narrative priming, the RT of attributions made for the stimuli person is faster for non-stereotypical categories and slower for stereotypical one, in comparison to contrasting priming conditions. The same result occurs when stimulus person was presented within a story vs. trait-list frame: a story context reduces stereotype. The RT data confirms that the narrative effect occurs also in processes, which are not consciously controlled.
4

FUTURES FULL OF PROMISE, FUTURES OF DESPAIR. CONTRASTING TEMPORALITIES IN THE LIFE NARRATIVE OF YOUNG CZECHS

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Haukanes H.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 2
120 – 134
EN
On the backdrop of increasing anxieties about the state of the world and its future found among by scholars and grassroots alike, this article explores young people’s narratives of the future, paying particular attention to dominant temporal structures through which the young people frame their expectations and imagine their lives to come. The article builds on research with young Czechs in three different regions of the country, carried out in the years 2007–2009 and 2014–2016. In addition it incorporates elements from the author ś former work on post-socialist transformations in rural Czech Republic. Drawing on anthropological debates about time, agency and social change and on recent scholarship on nostalgia, he argues for the necessity of a diversified understanding of temporality when analysing narrations of both lived lives and future visions; linear and reproductive temporalities appear to co-exist with conceptions of time as accelerated, incoherent and unpredictable. Further, he argues that time or temporality is not just something which people are subject to; it also involves agency. This implies that well-established temporal frameworks can be used to narrate expectations for the future, or that different temporal frameworks can be strategically combined to manage both the present and the future.
5

PRODUKČNÍ RYBÁŘSTVÍ V NARACÍCH LOKÁLNÍCH STAKEHOLDERŮ: PŘÍKLAD BLATNÁ

100%
Uherek Z., Kouba V.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 1
92 - 113
EN
The text is based on a qualitative survey with stakeholders directly or indirectly engaged in fish farming in ponds of Blatná or Blatensko region, Czech Republic. The dialog between them and academicians is directed to the fishery culture, its tradition, present, problems and possibilities of increasing the quality or prosperity of production. Stakeholders’ answers are essentially narratives, and the text is constructed as a compilation of individual narratives, which are summoned by researchers who have tried to share the story with local inhabitants. The text contains basic information about the history, current production trends in fish farming, a methodological sub-chapter, and a summary of the responses of individual stakeholders. The article structure copy peoples’ narratives, as described, for example, by William Labov, but the aim of the text is not the narrative as itself. Narratives and their interpretations is a methodological tool for obtaining adequate information on the interests, aspirations, and strategies of key people in the region in the field of fish farming. The conclusion of this text is basically a meta-narration composed of the views of individual actors, including the interpretation of the academics who created or commented this text.
6

IMAGINING THE OTHER: NARRATIVES ON GERMANS AND HUNGARIANS IN INTERWAR HISTORY TEXTBOOKS PUBLISHED IN SLOVAKIA

86%
Otčenášová S.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2017
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vol. 20
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issue 2
-
EN
This article seeks to explore the ways of interpreting the historical role of Germans and Hungarians in history textbooks used in primary and secondary schools in Slovakia in the interwar period, from 1918 until 1939. Historical narratives presented in school history textbooks contribute, alongside the family, media and public life, and rituals, to forming the way young people perceive the world around them. They are also one of the main tools for the social production of stereotypes of the Other. Fearing the Other is widespread in present-day Slovakia, and although the reason for this situation has been ascribed to the recent economic and current refugee crises, this paper argues that negative responses to the Other are also partially a by-product of the ethnocentric and etatist character of history education. The presented research is based on the study of stereotypes – generally shared impressions, images, or thoughts existing within certain groups of people about the character of a particular group of people and their representations. The article seeks to prove that the motivations behind state-produced prejudices against the members of other nations are driven by the need to present one’s own group (the nation) superior to the Other, which has been a reaction to the competition between the two groups, economic frustration or social crises. The article employs the techniques of critical discourse analysis.
7
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JAK SE VYROVNÁVÁME S NAŠÍ MINULOSTÍ? ČESKÉ A ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ NEDÁVNÉ DĚJINY PRIZMATEM TEORIE KOLEKTIVNÍ PAMĚTI A KVALITATIVNÍ METODOLOGIE (FOCUS GROUPS)

86%
Tomášek M., Šubrt J.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 46
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issue 1
88 – 115
EN
The article, as a combined theoretical-empirical undertaking, examines the ways collective memory is conceptualized in thematic areas of current theoretical thinking and how these theoretically designated and specified areas are reflected in the consciousness and memories of the common population. In particular it focuses on the popular memory and experience of history since the end of Second World War and the Communist takeover. In the first part, the long-term established theoretical approaches in view of collective memory research are presented. In the second, more empirically focused, part manifestations and expressions of these conceptualizations are registered in common acts and talk in the course of realized focus groups.
8

MORAL FOUNDATIONS AND SYMBOLIC POLLUTION: WHAT DO MIDWIVES SAY ABOUT HOSPITALIZED WOMEN?

86%
Pešťanská Z.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 4
463 – 485
EN
The aim of this study is to describe how the work organization of midwives is related to their moral judgements concerning pregnant women. This analysis is based on material gathered during ethnographic research undertaken at a gynaecology and maternity ward at a hospital in Slovakia. The interpretations of the research findings are informed by the work of Mary Douglas and Moral Foundations Theory. Using the analytical tools of the grid-group, this article then shows that the working environment of midwives is a type of hierarchical group. Douglas predicted that such a type of social structure would be built on values such as subordination, respect for authority, and purity. An analysis of the material confirms this assertion: midwives’ narratives of pregnant women are in fact representations of moral values of authority and purity. Explicit statements of emotions of anger, contempt, disgust, and elevation serve as indicators of either the violation or observance of moral rules.
9

CULTURAL HERITAGE AND RESPONSIBILITY: LINKING NARRATIVES OF THE PAST TO PERSPECTIVES OF THE FUTURE

86%
Sylla C.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 3
432 - 446
EN
This paper aims at identifying factors behind the-making-of cultural heritage reproduced within educational settings by trying to answer the following question: How do young people link narratives of the past with their own cultural identities and perspectives on the future? Observations made at conferences by two different non-formal educational organisations in the same region in Germany form the data for this analysis. Both conferences were structurally similar but very different in their perspectives on Germany’s role in global history and on young people’s responsibilities to create a future worth living in. Since both organisations are concerned with political education and target a similar group of young people from similar economic and educational backgrounds, these differences seem especially significant for thinking about discursive practices in educational settings. Building on the understanding that heritage is a discursive practice in a field of power relations, the paper provides insights into the links between certain images of the past, which are recreated in very specific ways in different educational settings, and the cultural practices young people produce within their local contexts.
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