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Dylemat więźnia jako przykład wykorzystania teorii gier

100%
Nogal P.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
|
2012
|
vol. 4
|
issue 2
87-95
EN
The article presents the famous problem of game theory, which is the prisoner's dilemma. Therefore, the payoff matrix has been placed for each player. A key issue that was mentioned is Nash equilibrium. The issue was also discussed as an example drawn from the economic life. In addition, the application criteria using by players in the model was described. Mentioned criteria used by players in choosing their dominant strategy are rationality and utility.
2

ATTENDING MEETINGS: THE USE OF MIXED STRATEGIES

80%
Pauwels W., Dujava D.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2015
|
vol. 63
|
issue 6
576 – 598
EN
We consider a game in which each of n players is invited to a meeting, and has to decide whether or not to attend the meeting. A quorum has to be attained if the meeting is to have the power of making binding decisions. We consider all possible preferences of the players. These preferences are assumed to be the same for all players. Restricting ourselves to symmetric Nash equilibria, we identify three different classes of preferences. In the first class the game has a unique Nash equilibrium, defined in mixed strategies. In the second class the game has two Nash equilibria, defined in pure strategies. In the final class of preferences the game has a Nash equilibrium in pure strategies, and possibly also in mixed strategies. If there is a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium, we show that the equilibrium probability of attending the meeting increases when the quorum increases. Furthermore, if the number of players becomes very large, this equilibrium probability tends to the value of the quorum. Finally, we show how the underlying game structure can also be used in other applications.
3

APPLICATIONS OF THEORY OF REDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS TO ANALYSIS COMPETITIVITY

61%
Budinský P., Valenčík R.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2009
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vol. 57
|
issue 3
291-306
EN
Theory of redistribution systems is an application and at the same time extension of Game Theory. It deals with functioning of institutions, establishments, firms and others social systems, in that pay-offs are redistributed in contrast to achievement of individual players. The redistribution is usually allowed by a coalition, formed inside of redistribution system, that disposes of dominance over the pay-offs' redistribution. Redistribution equation describing all possibilities of pay-offs' redistribution in Elementary Redistribution System and enabling to create and to test a computerized model of Elementary Redistribution System. Based on that, it is possible to model different types of bargaining, kinds of equilibrium - included Pareto optionality and Nash equilibrium - and in connection with it also chaining of simple redistribution systems into the combined ones.
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