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Vernakularizace – alternativa ke konceptu národního obrození?

100%
Woegerbauer M.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2008
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vol. 56
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issue 4
461-490
EN
This study introduces the concept of vernacularization in the context of the literary history of Bohemia around 1800. National philologists, to some extent until today, examine this literature based on 19th-century national and aesthetic criteria (i.e. the notion of 'genius', originality etc.) which, as the author argues, do not suit an analysis of multi-lingual pre-Romantic culture. Without intending to replace the popular and politically relevant narrative of the National Revival, the concept of vernacularization attempts to generate a comparatively oriented discussion regarding the transition (beginning around 1760) from the multi-lingual cultures of a stratified society (the nobility, the clergy, the common people etc.) into separate, linguistically defined regional and subsequently national cultures and especially national literatures in the first half of the 19th century. Vernacularization is defined as a form of knowledge transfer between cultures considered to have different places in a European cultural hierarchy. The 'higher' or 'classical' cultures serve as the vehicles for the transfer of culture; they are supposed to be quite independent of regional contexts and thus can be interregionally recognized as exemplary; in a stratified society they are accessible mainly to the elites. That predestines them to serve as a means of representation. 'Vernacularization' indicates the efforts by a region's intellectual elites to make this arcane knowledge (or at least its 'useful' parts) accessible to their uneducated compatriots (in the Middle Ages mainly to the secular elite, in the 18th and 19th centuries above all to the 'folk'). This dissemination of useful knowledge in support of the general good is described aptly by Joseph Anton Riegger as the obligation of the ideal 'enlightened patriot.' Therefore, the 'logic' of vernacularization should not be limited to one country or one era; on the contrary, the concept should encourage comparison and simultaneously provide insight into the inner hierarchy of European cultures into which regional culture would be integrated. In this context, all 'mature' cultures (not only those of antiquity) can be considered exemplary or model cultures. The theme of knowledge transfer as a service to the homeland, in spite of significant differences determined by time and place, can be traced through various examples: from Cicero (Greece-Rome) to Dante Alighieri (Roman and Provencal culture to Italy), Du Bellay (Roman and Italian culture to France) and finally to Frederick II (Italian, English and French culture to protestant Germany), through the inaugural lecture (1765) of the Freiburg (and later Prague) professor of law Joseph Anton Riegger, whose detailed defense of his decision to lecture in German rather than in Latin is a central text in this study.
2
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Časoměrné vzorce a metra v české národním obrození

100%
Sgallova K.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 2-3
17-25
EN
The article analyzes rules of prosody in the work of the Czech writers of the National Revival. In the Puchmajer Group the syllabotonic system won out. In the 1810s and throughout the 1820s in an attempt to achieve higher artistic goals there was a boom in Czech quantitative verse; but Classical metres were used only for translations.
3
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K zápasu o J. G. Herdera u nás

100%
Louzil J.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 5
637-653
EN
In the Bohemian Lands, Johann Gottlieb Herder was first mentioned in the 'Prager gelehrte Nachrichten' in the 1770s. Pelc and Woigt, wrote there about Herder's conception of language as an expression of the national spirit. Durych informed Dobrovský in a letter of 9 May 1792 about Herder's prophecy of the glorious future of the Slavs. In Jungmann's translation, that almost became the Gospel of the Czech patriots. Soon, Herder's verse was also noticed in the Bohemian Lands, particularly when it related to Czech history. In his inaugurallecture as Professor of Czech at Vienna, in 1801, Jan Nejedlý referred to Herder's 'Breife zur Beförderung der Humanität' (1793-97), and with Kollar's 'Slávy dcera' (1824) the popularization of Herder's ideas came to a peak in the Bohemian Lands. Though somewhat less clearly, Herder's legacy is also visible in the works of writers such as Mácha, Neruda and Vrchlický. Interest, however, was concentrated on three areas: (1) the nation as a community of a shared origin, reflected in a shared language; (2) language as an expression of the character and philosophy of life of the nation (its 'soul'); and (3) Humanity as the metaphysical-mystical unity of all humankind, as the case may be, the criterion of a moral approach of individual nations towards that ideal goal. All attempts at a revival of Herder's intellectual legacy or even its reinterpretation have always been linked with profound socio-political crises, such as World War I and World War II. The first modernization of Herderism is in the work of Tomás G. Masaryk; the second is connected with Jan Patocka, and between the two men is the work of Emanuel Rádl.
4

TÉMA NÁRODNÉHO OBRODENIA V TVORBE TARASA ŠEVČENKA A JÁNA KOLLÁRA: PRIENIKY A KONTROVERZIE

88%
Boroň O.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2019
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vol. 66
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issue 1
9 – 27
EN
The paper sets a goal to find out whether Taras Shevchenko knew particular works of Ján Kollár, to point out possible contacts as well as typological overlaps between the both writers in terms of reflecting on national revival and also to draw attention to differences between them. The article combines the methods and techniques of comparative and historical literary studies and comparative and typological literary research. The comparison of the works of the two great Slavic poets has revealed certain interrelations. It confirms that Shevchenko knew the sonnets 267 (in the original) and 75 (in the Russian translation) from Kollár ́s poem Slávy dcéra/The Daughter of Slavs published in the collection by Amvrosii Metlynsky Думки і пісні та ще дещо/Thoughts and songs and some other things (Kharkiv 1839). In terms of artistic representation of national revival there are common elements as well as significant differences in the approaches of either writer: while what Kollár had in mind was revival of Slovaks and Czechs in a wider circle of Slavic nations implementing the idea of Pan-Slavism, Shevchenko was (very probably) familiar with this conception, its echoes are recorded in the dedication of the poem Єретик/The Heretic and other of his works, what worried him was mainly the misery of the Ukrainian nation, which was in Imperial Russia deprived of its own history, language, culture and any national rights in general. The gained results provide the basis for establishing the borders of assumed Shevchenko ́s adoption of the Czech-Slovak revivalist ́s knowledge.
5

RELEVANCE OF 'A LIGHT-HEARTED TRAVELOGUE' (TEREZIA VANSOVA: MRS GEORGIADESOVA ON HER TRAVELS) (Zavaznost 'veseleho cestopisu' (Terezia Vansova: Pani Georgiadesova na cestach))

75%
Mikulova M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2011
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vol. 58
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issue 1
1-15
EN
The travelogue 'Mrs Georgiadesova on her travels' written by Theresa Vansova is an original record of some Slovak patriot´s visit to the Panslavic Exhibition in Prague held in 1895. Then Prague was the place where the stimuli for the cooperation of the Slavs used to come from. The writer deeply appreciates the Czech´s fraternal empathy with Slovaks in the period of Hungarianization and focuses on national education in her narration. The travelogue also includes a detailed description of the exhibits and the atmospehere at that great event. The exhibition represented a symbolic world where the Slovaks could see themselves from a distance in the scale models and so the trip was also considered an allegorical journey to their self-awareness. Unlike literary genres of high culture, the marginal genre of travelogue allows Vansova to experiment with the language, which she does in an original way by breaking the rules of its rigid official form. The natural language used by Johanka, the narrator, reflects the author's desire to establish a closer relationship with the reader, to be more communicative. The travelogue 'Mrs Georgiadesova on her travels' does not only deal with the conflict between idealism (romanticism) and realism; it present us with a wider range of issues directly affecting the relationship between the language and the reader, the relationship between the citizen and the nation as well as other nations, the problem of modality and the artistic transformation of the national characteristics.
6

UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN KAZAKHSTAN

75%
Nechayeva E., Tokar P., Onuchko M., Ruban S.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1
5 – 15
EN
The article analyses the history, dynamics and current position of Ukrainians in Kazakhstan, causes of their migration and major migration flows, dynamics of Ukrainians population in Kazakhstan and their impact on the socioeconomic, political and cultural development of both countries. State policy of Ukraine and Kazakhstan is under research, also priorities of governmental and non-governmental organizations of both countries in meeting of the national cultural needs of Ukrainians in Kazakhstan, preservation of their identity.
7

DVOJDŇOVÉ PUTOVANIA DOLNOZEMSKÉHO SLOVÁKA PO SLOVANSKOM SVETE

63%
Pácalová J.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 6
435 – 453
EN
The subject of the paper is travel articles written by Félix Kutlík (1843 – 1890) in the second half of the 1860s and published in the years 1867 and 1868 in the Pešťbudínske vedomosti anonymously (Výlet do Krkonôš – A Trip to the Krkonoše, Dva dni v Prahe – Two Days in Prague) and under the pen name Felkovský (Dva dni v Uhrách – Two Days in Hungary, Výlet na Laaland – A Trip to Laaland, Výlet na Ránu – A Trip to Rána). These short travelogues, which have not been analysed so far, represent the revivalist type of travelogue featuring the intentional affinity to Kollaresque „ideological“ legacy, Kollár´s broad concept of the Slavic world and the „original“ areas inhabited by the Slavs. The goal of the analysis is to show the way of creating the writings as a type of revivalist travelogue based on the mythical concept of the united Slavic homeland, which was established by Kollár´s Slávy dcéra /The Daughter of Sláva/. The emphasis is placed on following the national emblems (borders, the linden tree symbol, the sacred places of the Slavs, the martyr like nation etc.) in connection with the concept of the national emblematism of the central European Slavs formulated by Róbert Kiss Szemán (2014). The paper also answers the question how the Lower-land author depicts in his travelogues Slovakia in comparison with the images of other countries, what he means by the attributes „our“, „Slovak“, what (which country, ethnic group) he regards as his home.
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