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'ARBEIT MACHT FREI' - SEVERAL REMARKS ON THE GENESIS AND THE IDEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SLOGAN ON THE BASIS OF A BOOK BY WOLFGANG BRÜCKNER...('Arbeit macht frei' - ..na podstawie.. 'Arbeit macht frei: Herkunft und Hintergrund der KZ-Devise')

100%
Podpora A.
Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)
|
2008
|
vol. 4
499-509
EN
The following paper is based primarily on the extensive study conducted by Wolfgang Brückner in his book 'Arbeit macht frei: Herkunft und Hintergrund der KZ - Devise'. The article aims to present the origin, social context and ideological background of the motto 'Arbeit macht frei' and other related texts placed above the entrances to some of the Nazi concentration camps. The authoress raises the question, to what extent was the act of placing of such a motto in a KZ a mere sign of cynicism or a conscious demonstration of ideological conviction of SS members, internalized in the process of being brought up and socialized in an environment.
2

'At the Limit of a Certain Morality': Debates on the Trials of Functionary Prisoners in Poland 1945-1950

80%
Woycicka Z.
Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)
|
2007
|
vol. 3
355-385
EN
During 1945-1950 several trials of functionary prisoners of Nazi concentration camps were held in Poland. These trials brought about, particularly among former concentration camp prisoners, a painful debate on the involvement of KZ-lager victims in the terror system of the concentration camps. This debate was the background of the polemic surrounding the Tadeusz Borowski's Auschwitz stories. Apprehensive of its impact on the image of their organisation and its members, the board of the Polish Union of Former Political Prisoners (PZbWP) attempted to silence this discussion. This policy was in line with that of PPR/PZPR. This debate upset the clear-cut division into victims and executioners, led to a disintegration of the already divided Polish society and dislodged the hard-achieved national consensus, largely based on the general hostility towards Germany. Thus it deprived the Communists of one of their chief arguments to legitimise their power. This debate was also embarrassing for a sizeable section of popular opinion, as it questioned the image of Poles as a nation of unfortunate victims and heroes. In the late 1940's, with the increasing Stalinisation, PZbWP and PPR/PZPR were largely able to silence the debate on the attitude of functionary prisoners. The dominant narration turned out to be that that portrayed KZ-lager prisoners as a solidary, international community of anti-fascist resistance movement led by the Communists. The difficult and painful debates of the immediate post-war years are now largely forgotten. In this respect, one could even talk about a symbiosis of the 'national' and 'Communist' historical interpretations.
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