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EN
The article encompasses problems appearing at the tangent point of two traditional areas of contemporary management theory and practice-commercial negotiations as well as mergers and takeovers of companies. The objective of the article is to present the most important questions in the realm of negotiations in the merger and takeover process making up an important element in complex integrational ventures (transactions). It should be stressed that to date no comprehensive and cohesive model for such negotiations encompassing solutions for all fragmentary problems and capable of serving as a useful tool in economic practice has been developed.
EN
The article presents the most important obstacles related to public conflicts between some citizen committties (like NGO representatives) and local or central authorities, representatives of the formal power in public decision making processes. Conflicts related to localization of big shopping centers, air pollution 'factories' or highway's destinations are very common not only in Poland. There are four main rules of proper negotiation behavior, ten suggestions to follow by public representatives and 25 wrong attitudes, which make difficult talks even more difficult. Negotiation talks between local authorities and citizens are in our country seen as a long way full of misunderstanding and fighting instead of cooperation and synergy.
EN
Poland and Spain, despite their location on opposite outskirts of the European Union, are very often compared with each other. The reason for it is not only their similar size and population, but also, in some respects, their similar situation after the Second World War and their experiences in the process of their “return to Europe”. In their efforts to join the European Community, both countries had problems with similar negotiation areas. The possibility of benefiting from the Union’s funds, especially the structural funds, is an exceptionally important advantage they gain from the membership in the EU. Finally, during the work over the project of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, Poland and Spain took at first similar stands on many aspects. On the other hand, there are many serious differences between these countries, which mainly concern often opposite national interests in the European Union, but also their foreign policies. Therefore, a question should be asked, whether comparing Poland with Spain on the European arena is justifiable? The present article is an attempt to answer this question.
EN
In this article the formal negotiations of a legislative package for the cohe¬sion policy 2014-2020, which were launched and advanced during the Polish-Dan¬ish-Cypriot Trio Presidencies, serve as an example of the Trio cooperation. The arti¬cle’s aim is to give a behind-the-scenes look at the European negotiations from the participants’ point of view as regards the joint Trio work, both before and during the negotiations. This analysis leads up to some general reflections on the Trio for¬mula and its effectiveness.
EN
Despite the fact that the WTO’s Doha Round and its multinational negotiations have been ongoing for nearly a decade, the participating counties have as yet to conclude the final agreement. One of the most important – and controversial – issues is the rules governing the liberalisation of international trade in agriculture. The current text of draft Doha modalities anticipates significant concessions, to be made by member countries to reduce tariffs on agricultural and food products and trade distorting domestic support to the agricultural sector. A consensus on the complete elimination of all forms of export subsidies has also been reached. Issues still to be agreed upon include the special safeguard mechanism (SSM) for developing countries and rules on sensitive products which would be subject to smaller tariff cuts. A new initiative to boost negotiations, involving heads of state of some country members, and supported by experts and the Director General of the WTO, has recently been announced. There is much to be gained from the multilateral liberalisation of trade, they have said, but also warn that the failure of the Doha Round would, apart from carrying a high cost of lost opportunities, seriously damage the WTO’s credibility and lead to the erosion of the multilateral trade system.
EN
In this paper, the concept, properties and possibilities of application of the generalized game to modelling economic phenomena is presented. The generalized game G is the process of interaction between players which have defined roles and role relationships. The game is represented by a complex of rules, where we have four components: MODEL- describing general considerations of the game, VALUE- norms and values recognized by the players, ACT- describing possibilities of the players' action, JUDGMENT - rules describing ways of thinking and decision-making by players. The generalized game allows us to analyze the behavior of the players, paying attention to the economic, social and psychological aspects of their behavior. The article also shows the possibilities of using the tools of the rules and complexes to construct the social optimum, the concept of sustainable development or the negotiation analysis.
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