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1

LIDOVÁ PSYCHOLOGIE V SOUČASNÉ NEUROVĚDĚ: DISKUSE O KOGNITIVNÍCH ONTOLOGIÍCH

100%
Dražil M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2022
|
vol. 77
|
issue 6
442 – 455
EN
Folk psychology and its status in the scientific study of mind was a major topic in the philosophy of mind in the 1980s and 90s. However, it has seen a renewal of interests in recent years in the debate on cognitive ontologies in cognitive neuroscience. The goal of the article is to introduce the cognitive ontologies debate and examine how it relates to the older debate concerning the status of folk psychology. First, I will recapitulate the main points of the philosophical debate about the status of folk psychology. Second, I will introduce the debate on cognitive ontologies, analyse its motivations, its aims and give several examples of specific ontology building projects. In the last part, I will evaluate how the debate on cognitive ontologies relates to the question of the status of folk psychology and how it revives the eliminativism challenge. I will also outline the potential consequences of the development of new cognitive ontologies for the status of folk psychology in the scientific study of mind-brain.
2

THE PHENOMENON OF LIE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF NEUROSCIENCE AND EVOLUTIONARY SCIENCES (Zjawisko klamstwa w perspektywie nauk neurokognitywnych i ewolucyjnych)

86%
Hohol M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2009
|
vol. 8
91-109
EN
The present paper deals with the phenomenon of lies and lying from the point of view of the theory of evolution and contemporary cognitive science. In order to investigate these relationships, the following steps are taken: firstly, differences between classical theories of lie are presented (including those created by Aristotele, Thomas Aquinas and Machiavelli) followed by their juxtaposition with the contemporary sciences. It is shown that not only human beings lie, deceive and manipulate. Secondly, the Machiavellian Intelligence Hypothesis in primathology is analysed (Byrne, Whiten, de Waal). Moreover, the neuroscientific approach to the act of lie exposure is discussed (e.g. Brain fingerprinting), along with the issues of neuroethics. Finally, self-deception is presented in the context of the theory of evolution.
3

DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE - LANGUAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

72%
Csepe V.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2008
|
vol. 63
|
issue 2
269-290
EN
There is increasing evidence suggesting that there are maturational and developmental sequences sensitive to the acoustic and linguistic environment to a different extent. The interaction of linguistic experience as well as the brain maturation and development can be best studied by various methods used in neuroscience. Research in developmental neuroscience focuses on infancy as well as on the first 5-6 years of age, the period when the developing brain is best able to absorb language, basically any language. Although the repertoire of speech sounds is uniquely processed by the brain from early on, the neural processes giving rise to brain activity changes are not exactly the same as those recorded in adults. As they grow, children get effective in sorting out speech sounds (phonemes) as building blocks used for composing words and in segmenting the acoustic flow into words by relying on rules and regularities. The review focuses on the developmental changes in processing segmental and suprasegmental cues of spoken utterances and gives an overview of the recent results of developmental cognitive neuroscience of this field. The analysis includes some relevant results of the Mismatch Negativity research and imaging data in order to describe the most important periods of fundamental processes during language development. Recent results on the dynamic functional and structural changes of the developing brain are also discussed as possible approach to understanding the neural code of development determining new periods in interaction with the linguistic environment
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