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W poszukiwaniu nowego ładu globalnego

100%

Góralczyk B.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

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2010

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issue 4

63-88

EN

The author proposes a “hybrid” approach to the issue of global order, combining in his study theoretical and practical issues. From theoretical point of view he is focusing on crucial ideas important in normative, liberal (institutions) and neo-realistic school of thinking on global affairs and global order, leading us to the conclusion that in normative sense currently there is a mess and nobody’s really ready to propose a kind of “global codex” (Z. Bauman), which is necessary for a globalised world of “network societies” (M. Castells); in institutional sense we have some new phenomena, like G-20, BRICS or Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as further deepening process of European integration after the Treaty of Lisbon, which is theoretically not absorbed yet; and finally in real politics one can observe an important Powers Shift, from Atlantic to Pacific, at least in economic sphere. According to the Author’s final conclusions, we are facing two principal challenges (meaning humankind): deeply mixed transnationalisation (i.e. diminishing of the role of nation states, including major powers) and quickly-growing consciousness of some global challenges (proliferation of nuclear arms, climate change, shrinking of raw and energy sources, other environmental issues, etc.). Thus, in his opinion, experts on security issues and probably also researchers of global order should prepare a kind of “cooperative order” idea, an idea which, however – for the first time in decades or perhaps even Centuries – should be proposed not only by the West. This is the essence of the new global order which is emerging after the collapse of the global (Western) markets in September 2008. It is too early too judge yet whether this particular moment is a real fault-line leading to creation of a new order, but there are many signs prompting us to conclude so.

2

Państwa BRICS w polityce i strategii UE

88%

Sękowska M.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

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2015

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issue 3

31-56

EN

The 2007–2009 global ﬁnancial and economic crisis, has become a censure in international relations, deﬁning the moment of the emer¬gence of a new global order outline. There are signs that the Western countries’ economic hegemony is coming to an end, giving way to a new phenomenon which undoubtedly is the group of countries covered by the term “emerging markets”. Of particular importance is the BRICS group – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa - which establishment is inextricably connected with the crisis. BRICS group, being initially only a catchy slogan, on the wave of the crisis trundling by world markets turned into a global economic entity, which is a real competitor for the crisis-stricken European Union. It is therefore necessary for the EU to create a strategy to maintain and develop relationship with the BRICS. The group, however, is internally too diverse to develop a universal strategy that ﬁts each of the ﬁve countries. The starting point consequently is the relationship that the EU has established with each of the BRICS countries individually over the years, and the purpose of this article is to present and analyze them. The author draws attention to the inconsistency of the group and indicates the conﬂicts of interest among the member states. Thought-provoking is the fact that the BRICS as the whole is able to coordinate its foreign policy and bring it to a shared viewpoint. As a result, the EU has started to reﬂ ect on managing relations with the BRICS as one unit. However, the EU vision has not been formally implemented and is not binding.

3

THE SEARCH FOR A NEW GLOBAL ORDER

88%

Góralczyk B.

Yearbook of Polish European Studies

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2011

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vol. 14

81-108

EN

This article proposes a ‘hybrid’ approach to the issue of global order, mixing theoretical and practical issues in the analysis carried out. From the theoretical point of view, it focuses on crucial ideas important in the normative, liberal (institutional) and neo-realistic schools of thinking on global affairs and global order. The analysis leads to the conclusion that, in the normative sense, there is currently a messand nobody is ready and able to propose the kind of ‘global code’ (Z.Bauman) necessary and appropriate for a globalised world of ‘network societies’ (M.Castells). In the institutional sense, today we are witness to a series of new phenomena, like the G-20, BRICS or the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as the further deepening of the process of European integration following the Treaty of Lisbon, which is not yet theoretically absorbed. Finally, in world of geopolitics one can observe an important power shift from the Atlantic to the Pacific, at least in the economic sphere. According to the Author, as stated in his final conclusions, there are two major challenges ahead of the world: deeply mixed transnationalisation (i.e. the diminishing of the role of nation states, including major powers), and the rapidly growing consciousness of real global challenges (proliferation of nuclear arms, climate change, shrinking of raw materials and energy sources, environmental issues, etc.). Thus, in the author’s opinion, experts in security issues and scholars specialising in international relations should prepare a kind of ‘cooperative order’ idea – an idea, which, however, for the first time in decades and maybe even centuries, should be proposed not by the West alone. This is the essence of the new global order which has been emerging after the collapse of the global (Western) markets in September 2008. It is still too early to judge if this particular moment is a true fault line leading to the creation of a new global order, but there are many signs leading to such a conclusion.

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W poszukiwaniu nowego ładu globalnego

Państwa BRICS w polityce i strategii UE

THE SEARCH FOR A NEW GLOBAL ORDER