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ART INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS (Makslas institucijas un to transformacijas)

100%

Mazika S.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

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2007

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vol. 9

45-52

EN

The issue of the institutional context in which art is created, explained, exhibited and transformed is often left out of the contemporary art discourse. The content of this article is largely determined by the researcher's subjective interest in the ambivalent and disputable phenomenon of 'new institutionalism'. The author has attempted to follow the chain of causalities, the how and why society has gradually developed such art institutions and what sorts of theoretical positions have fostered this process. The first cultural institutions (private music ensembles, theatre groups, painting collections, libraries, etc.) were created and supported by the aristocracy, representing their privileged culture and education. Artistic phenomena were the brand of a cultured society and everybody aspiring to ascend the social hierarchy had to achieve competence in cultural processes, to know their codes, quotes and references. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Western Europe underwent a series of revolutions followed by political and economic transformations of various degrees of intensity. Rapid industrial development gradually diverted financial resources from the aristocracy to the bourgeoisie but the idea of elitist culture was inherited and maintained. Cultural institutions were financed by so-called patrons or impresarios who were no longer aristocrats but successful entrepreneurs. They strove to uphold the aristocratic system of values reflected in the processes initiated by culture institutions. Institutions were still subjected to a select, small part of society. After World War II a totally opposite tendency emerges - culture institutions begin to receive funding from the taxpayer, not private capital and thus became subject to the needs, taste and ideas of the wider public.

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TERMIN „INTEGRACJA” JAKO NARZĘDZIE LEGITYMIZACJI. NEOINSTYTUCJONALNA ANALIZA UPRAWOMOCNIANIA DZIAŁAŃ W POLU ORGANIZACYJNYM OBSŁUGI I POMOCY IMIGRANTOM W POLSCE

75%

Pawlak M.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2011

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vol. 37

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issue 2(140)

59-80

EN

As a consequence of the presence of immigrants in Poland various types of organizations provide them with services, assist them or supervise their integration process. Together those organizations constitute an organizational field. The actions of the actors must be legitimized according to the regulations, norms and cognitive mechanisms binding in the given organizational field. Therefore, legitimization is a process of acquiring legitimacy, which can be understood as a generalized perception or assumption that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper or appropriate within some socially constructed system of norms, values, beliefs and definitions. The actors carrying out the „integration” define the term in many different ways, and often consider it to denote different actions. This is not only because the concept of „integration” is open, but also because organizations and their officials use the term in a manner strikingly contrary to its academic definitions. The paper examines three cases of the legitimizing usage of the term „integration;” firstly, how the members of the organizations in the field refer to the literature about „integration” to name their practices; secondly, how the terms „integration” and „assimilation” are used in order to legitimize or delegitimize; and finally, how the formal requirements of the European funds exert coercive pressure for isomorphism on the organizations applying for resources and legitimization of their actions under the term „integration”.

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IMITACJA W TWORZENIU POLSKIEJ POLITYKI INTEGRACJI CUDZOZIEMCÓW

75%

Pawlak M.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2013

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vol. 39

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issue 3(149)

97-122

EN

In this paper I analyze the materialization and public debate over the “Polish Migration Policy – current stage and the recommended actions” document, and the parts regarding the integration of immigrants in particular. I apply a neoinstitutional theoretical framework which allows me to conceptualize the mechanisms of the Europeanization process, and show that the integration policy is mainly developed by imitating the instruments promoted by the European Commission. I study imitation by applying the notions of translation and editing. This allows me to understand how the imitated model is adapted in the local context. The non-governmental organizations which commented on the document perceived the European model as suited for imitation. The public debate over the “Migration Policy of Poland” contributed to further strengthening and adaptation of the imitated model.

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2 Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

1 Makslas Vesture un Teorija

2 Pawlak M.

1 Mazika S.

1 2013

1 2011

1 2007

ART INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS (Makslas institucijas un to transformacijas)

TERMIN „INTEGRACJA” JAKO NARZĘDZIE LEGITYMIZACJI. NEOINSTYTUCJONALNA ANALIZA UPRAWOMOCNIANIA DZIAŁAŃ W POLU ORGANIZACYJNYM OBSŁUGI I POMOCY IMIGRANTOM W POLSCE

IMITACJA W TWORZENIU POLSKIEJ POLITYKI INTEGRACJI CUDZOZIEMCÓW