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  1. 2 Filozofia (Philosophy)

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  1. 1 2019

  2. 1 2015

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  1. 2 Halas J.

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ABSTRAKCIA A IDEALIZÁCIA VO FILOZOFII VEDY II

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Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2015
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vol. 70
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issue 8
633 – 646
EN
This paper is a survey of classical and contemporary approaches to abstraction and idealization in the philosophy of science. In this second part, it focuses on the more recent contributions by Martin Jones, Michael Weisberg and Michael Strevens. The final section is devoted to the problem of so-called non-Galilean idealization or idealization without successful representation, as discussed by Andrew Wayne, Yasha Rohwer, Collin Rice and Alisa Bokulich. By way of conclusion, the paper elaborates on the preliminary characterization of the two methods provided in the first part, and offers some more general observations on the development of the discussion since the 1970s.
2

ABSTRAKCIA, IDEALIZÁCIA A POUŽÍVANIE ARGUMENTOV

100%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2019
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vol. 74
|
issue 9
705 – 720
EN
The methods of abstraction and idealization are typically examined in connection with their applications in modelling and explanation. This paper investigates how the use of abstract and idealized models in arguments structures the process of argumentation. If a discussant uses an idealized model to justify a thesis, they also adopt an implicit or explicit attitude towards the idealizing assumptions it involves. The precise nature of this attitude determines the argumentation strategies available to the opponent. If the proponent views the assumptions as approximating the actual state of affairs, the opponent can request a de-idealization of the model. On the other hand, if the model is viewed as a non-Galilean idealization, or in a purely instrumental way, the opponent must challenge the relevance of the model with respect to the target system. However, as illustrated by the debate on minimum wage, even empirical evidence need not always provide a clear-cut resolution of the difference in opinion.
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