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Facial expressions in the communication process

100%
EN
This article deals with the role of facial expressions in communication process. Its main aim was to explain functions that facial expression may have when appearing on their own or in combination with other verbal or non-verbal behaviours. The article includes conclusions drawn by non-verbal behaviours investigators and linguists, that became the starting point for facial expressions studies. The main part of the article comprises of conclusions achieved during detailed analysis supported by real life examples.
EN
The important role in the shopping process is played by the senses, that enable buyer to judge the offer in order to accept or reject it. Human senses decode, react and help to memorise stimulants. The aspect of sensory perception is very important and in the majority of cases the transaction results from the deliberate actions enabling clients to touch, smell or taste the product. Activating sales through the non-verbal communication results in faster decision making by the buyer due to the emotional stimulation more subtle than verbal incentives
EN
The text presents the problem of non-verbal communication's various definition and various research data acquired by researchers representing different scientific fields. The text also indicates the possibilities of implementing non-verbal individual communication used in personal promotion, in order to increase mass communication efficiency. It also presents the main roles of co-existing non-verbal communication elements and verbal messages in exemplary TV ads.
EN
Advertising, as a marketing communication tool, provides customers with both verbal, as well as non-verbal transmission. This article shows the possibility of conducting research on the effectiveness of non-verbal communication. The main recommendations concerning the composition of advertising messages, with special emphasis on the non-verbal communication, were introduced. On an example of some expressive verbal and non-verbal messages in several banks' external advertising, effective mechanism for impact of advertising on the human mind was presented.
5
51%
Lud
|
2007
|
vol. 91
137-154
EN
The author tries to answer the question to what extent the 'Japanese smile', which is so often described by Western authors, is an Oriental invention and to what degree it is actually rooted in the traditional Japanese cultural values. A definition was adopted according to which smile is a characteristic and easily recognisable mimic expression, which performs an important communicative function. Individual cultures can be different with respect to how smile is used in social life. The specific 'high context' communication, characteristic of the Far East, where not much has to be expressed by means of words because most information is contained in the context of the utterance, has been described. A hypothesis has been advanced that in such a situation smile will rarely be treated as a social signal, the meaning of which can be independent of the background. The most important part of the text is devoted to the description of hypothetical cultural scripts, which encourage or prevent from the use of smile in specific social situations. A relation between these scripts and the traditional values of Japanese culture, particularly those connected with the ideal of wa, i.e. social harmony, has been discussed. The author also tries to answer the question to what extent the etiquette of the Japanese smile is unique. The author concludes that the Japanese smile fits well into the cultural context of Japanese culture and stands out from other 'smiles of the Far East'.
EN
The last general audience of John Paul II on March 30th 2005 became a media event with a powerful communicative effect. The Italian press paid a lot of attention to it. The information about it appeared on the first pages of the main papers. The reports were often illustrated by the most spectacular element of the journalist's account, that is pictures of the suffering pope, often in big dimensions. Analysis of this event in Italian press (Corriere della Sera, La Repubblica, La Stampa, Il Messaggero, Il Tempo, Il Sole 24 ore, La Stampa, Il Giornale, Liberazione, Il Foglio, L'Unitá and L'Osservatore Romano) shows that John Paul II was not afraid of meeting the faithful, even at the price of showing them his 'real' face. One more time the pope showed, that his dialog with the world does not only consist of the words he speaks, but also of the whole range of non-verbal means of communication. The general audience of March 30th, 2005 confirmed also that the essence of the ministry of John Paul II lied in expressing himself in a powerful and moving way. Even those, who beforehand saw him as an actor of big media events, realized that Karol Wojtyla was 'acting' himself. The last public speech of the pope revealed his message to the world, which did not strengthen the verbal communication, even though it was equally convincing and clear. It was the message of suffering, courage, struggle, the desire not to hide one's weakness, the self-sacrificing effort to overcome one's physical limitations. It was the message of silence, which spoke for itself. In the last Apostolic Letter The Rapid development the pope explains, that 'the communication between God and humanity has thus reached its perfection in the Word made flesh' and 'the Incarnate Word has left us an example of how to communicate with the Father and with humanity, whether in moments of silence and recollection, or in preaching in every place and in every way'. The pope is convinced that precisely for this reason 'we can ask the Lord to help us to understand how to communicate with God and with other human beings through the marvelous communications media'. John Paul II remained faithful to this understanding of communication until the very end.
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