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SPIŠ - SKLENÉ NÁLEZY Z DOBY LATÉNSKEJ

100%
EN
Spiš is the region in northern Slovakia with evidence of an intensive settlement in the Middle, Late and Final La Tène periods by bearers of the Púchov culture (including the pre-Púchov horizon). Systematic field-walking collections include also fragments of glass bracelets and beads. The obtained set consists of 12 fragments of bracelets and 41 glass beads from six sites. The biggest concentration of these finds is at two known fortified settlement in Jánovce-Machalovce (distr. of Poprad), position Pod Hradiskom, and in Žehra (distr. of Spišská Nová Ves), position Severný svah (Spišský hrad). The bracelets are of cobalt-blue colour. According to N. Venclová (1990) they belong to the types 6b/2 (5 pieces), 7b (3 pieces), 7c (1 piece), 11 (1 piece) and 15 (2 pieces). All these are bracelets that are dated to the Middle La Tène period LT C1-C2 (cca. a half of the 3rd up to a half of the 2nd cent. BC). The beads scale is more colourful. The set includes small circular beads of cobalt-blue colour, that are prevailing, beads with blue-white layered dots on white, in one case on yellow ground and a fragment of a solid translucent bead of brown-rose colour. The surface is decorated with yellow engraved lines. The masklike bead belongs to the group of beads with human faces.
EN
Existing state of research on the Late Palaeolithic in Spis is not satisfactory. Majority of sites were explored by reconnaissance only. International archaeological excavations in 2005 was realised at the site of Stara Lubovna at Pod Stokom I position, north-eastern part of Spis, over the river Poprad right-bank terrace. The site geological substratum is the Inner Carpathian Palaeogene, on which Quarterian terrace of the river Poprad has been preserved. The area of 5 x 10 m was explored at the site with considerable accumulation of chipped stone artefacts. Typology of the chipped stone industry from the reconnaissance and the control trench allows to separate several 'technological components' - Neolithic, Swiderian, Magdalenian, Epigravettian(?) and Middle Palaeolithic ones. A pseudo-Levalloisian point is the Middle Palaeolithic artefact. Several massive blades and a blade core with flat platform are Epigravettian. A point with flat retouch on its tang, that is characteristic for the Swiderian culture, is a distinct form of typology. Explicit contacts with the Magdalenian culture, with analogies mainly on the territories of Poland, Moravia and Switzerland, are in the group of typical cores and implements. Macrolithic forms of burins and some types of borers are characteristic. Connections to the closest workshop of the Magdalenian culture for working of radiolarite raw material at the site Sromowce-Wyzne Katy 1 and Sromowce-Wyzne 8 are relevant. As far as the used raw materials are concerned, red Pieniny radiolarite predominates followed by manganese, green and flysh Jaslo radiolarites; other less frequent raw materials are Bircza flint, Cretaceous, Volhynian and Jurassic flints, rarely obsidian and limnoquartzite. Raw material composition of artifacts from the territory of present-day Poland can indicate the settlement that originally lived at the Carpathians northern side. The raw material spectrum is colourful, what is characteristic for 'Carpathian provenience of chipped artifacts'. The entire inventory was subjected to the refittings method. Majority of the chipped stone industry from Stara Lubovna belongs to the Magdalenian technocomplex. Presence of the Magdalenian culture at Spis has been for the first time indicated by older finds from Haligovce-Aksamitka but they have no support in significant finds. Proving of the settlement of the Magdalenian culture bearers in northern Slovakia has changed the extend of this culture at its entire space.
EN
No appropriate research on regional identities, especially a qualitative one, has so far been conducted in Slovakia. Given the fact that Slovakia can be considered an extremely suitable area of interest in terms of a research on regional identities, this fact is quite striking. In particular the north of Slovakia with traditional regions characterised by a relatively high level of institutionalisation represent an excellent area of interest. The paper seeks to overcome at least partially the existing gaps in the debate on Slovakia’s regional identities. It is based on in-depth interviews with mayors of several municipalities from northern Slovakia, which is delimited as the area of the Žilina and Prešov self-governing regions. The study understands region as a social construct which can acquire different geographical scales; regional identity is therefore discussed at several geographical levels. The major problem in Slovakia in connection with regional identities is the discrepancy between the borders of self-governing regions and the borders of traditional regions.
4
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VÝSLEDKY VÝSKUMU V PODOLÍNCI

88%
Študijné zvesti
|
2011
|
issue 49
173 - 206
EN
Archaeological research is done in the town of Podolínec, at the St. Anna’s Church cemetery. Two supporting pillars of the original central octagonal structure were determined. The foundations of an older building claimed in previous research were not affirmed. The location of the western gate of Podolínec was closer to the river Poprad than the nowadays location where road crosses the fortification. Foundations of the original gate are located at today’s Municipal office. Service lines trench also cut a probable room of the former Podolínec castle at the site of today’s fire brigade base. Presence of two thick walls was determined at the town square in front of the Municipal office building. A part of a walling was uncovered at the site of the northern gate. The wall might have been a part of the southern wing of Podolínec’s northern gate. 11 meters of a damaged stone wall were determined in the area in front of the eastern gate.
EN
This report evaluates the Middle Stone Age penetration in the area of Northern Slovakia from the point of view of past research as well as in the light of results of two test excavations on the southern slope of the Tatra Mountains. Information's about the Mesolithic settlements in Slovakia are random. They are related mainly to areas of southern edge of the Carpathians in the vicinity of upper Hornad river basin and Danube river plain. In this context assumption concerning the existence of Mesolithic also in northern Slovakia, specifically at the foot of the Tatra Mountains, should be remembered. In August 2007 the small scale excavation took place on two sites, selected for testing after repeated previous surveys, situated about 2.5 km north-west from the city centre of Spisska Bela. The first one is destroyed as a result of multi-annual, deeply ploughed and drainage works. The second one produced small inventory in the stratigraphic position. Among tools trapezium and middle part of unidentified microliths should be exposed, both made of Cracow-Jurassic flint. Also the first data concerning Mesolithic settlement in the northern zone of the Tatra Mountains are remembered in the paper. They were described from Middle Beskydy Range. Some elements of Chojnice-Pienki or Janislawice culture are discussed in the text. Two excavated Slovakian sites are evidence of human residence of late Mesolithic groups in the sub-Tatra area during the Atlantic period. Attention should be paid to the immediate proximity of the described Mesolithic sites, situated not far from the village of early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture (Linearbandkeramik) from the music note phase and Bukk culture and the Spisska Bela 'Kahlenberg' position. We can expose the lack of the oldest phase of band pottery culture in the Poprad Valley and upper Hornad basin. The mountainous territories of Western Carpathians are non questionable domain of the Mesolithic man at least from the beginning of Atlanticum. The good orientation in local beds of silica rocks - radiolarite, Mikuszowice hornstone suggests, that Mesolithic groups in this zone existed not only episodically.
EN
The study presents and analyses materials from two hillforts located in North-Western Slovakia, where the Early Roman Age skeletal graves were discovered. At that time, Púchov culture hillforts disappeared abruptly. Significant changes in ethnical composition as well as in power structure led to the modification of settlement structure in the Western Carpathians. Numerous pieces of weaponry, inventories and hoards show that both hillforts analysed in this paper were destroyed in the first decades of the Current Era. Inventories of graves containing Noric-Pannonian attire can be attributed to the same period. So far, we do not know any cemeteries or graves of members of the culture dated back to the younger La Tène and Early Roman Periods. There are only sacrificial sites with dominating cremation rituals. Female burials found on the slopes below the fortifications in Bytča-Hrabové and in Mikušovce belong – together with the older finds from Púchov – to unique finds attributed to the culture. Judging by the position of the deceased and detected fatal injuries, we can assume that these burials reflect some previously unknown ritual practices. The question of whether the deceased were members of the local culture or rather new colonisers – presumably coming from the Noricum milieu -  will be answered by prepared DNA and Isotope analyses.
7
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NOVÉ VČASNOSTREDOVEKÉ NÁLEZY Z TURCA

75%
Študijné zvesti
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 2
349 - 370
EN
The surveys of the eastern foothills of the Malá Fatra Mountains (northern Slovakia) have brought new information about the settlement of the Turiec region. In the hillfort with double rampart lines on a rocky hill not far from Ondrašová, district Turčianske Teplice, isolated finds from the Middle La Tène period and intensive early medieval settlement were found. This fortification and nearby newly discovered sites in Abramová-Polerieka and Zniev significantly increased the number of hill top settlements from the 9th–10th century in the region, where until now mainly small agricultural settlements and burial mounds were investigated.
Študijné zvesti
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue 1
119 - 134
EN
The article publishes the first coin find from the northern Slovak region of Turiec, with the final coinage from the Early Migration Period. These are mostly the heavily worn 4th century copper coins. The hoard of this type is characteristic mainly for the northern Central Danube region. Based on the few compiled and analyzed settlement finds from the highlands, it was assumed that this area was rather under the influence of the late Suebian settlement of southwestern and western Slovakia and proves few connections with the neighboring area of the North Carpathian Group. It also supports the distribution of the 4th–5th century sites in the south and their absence in the north of the region.
EN
There are two agglomerations of hill-forts and settlements in Turiec region, in northern Slovakia that provided remarkable finds from the Middle La Tène Period to the beginning of the Roman Period, from the pre-Púchov stage and the La Tène phase of the Púchov Culture. It is a system of terraced settlements and fortified refugia on the hilltops of mountains in Folkušová – Necpaly and Blatnica. Blatnica was the regional centre in the Early to the Middle La Tène Periods and the Early Roman Period. Both centres were used at the time of the largest settlement expansion in northern Carpathians, from the Middle La Tène Period to the beginning of Roman Period, when they became extinct violently. A special feature of the both agglomerations is long-term use, preservation state of old roads and combination of terraced settlements with fortifications on inaccessible peaks with great altitudes. Hoards of La Tène swords are the continuation of long tradition of sacrificial places around the hilltop Plešovica, which is enclosed with the Early Medieval princely grave. The study also observes a number of artefacts that document the connection of northern Slovakia with southeastern Europe in the Late La Tène Period.
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