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„Notatki z wielkich czasów” i „Pamiętniki z lat 1916–1918”. Ludomił German i jego zapiski z czasów I wojny światowej

100%
Biedrzycka A.
Polish Biographical Studies
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2022
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issue 10
181-210
PL
Artykuł przedstawia ostatnie lata życia Ludomiła Germana (1851–1920), galicyjskiego nauczyciela i inspektora szkolnego, dramatopisarza, tłumacza i polityka, działacza Stronnictwa Demokratyczno-Narodowego i Polskiego Stronnictwa Demokratycznego, posła do Rady Państwa w Wiedniu (1907–1918) i Sejmu Krajowego we Lwowie (1912–1914), wiceprezydenta Izby Posłów i wiceprezesa Koła Polskiego. Po wybuchu I wojny światowej zaczął prowadzić dziennik, w którym opisywał swoją działalność w powstałym 16 VIII 1914 r. Naczelnym Komitecie Narodowym, w Kole Polskim i Radzie Państwa, a także historię Legionów Polskich i walkę o ich kierownictwo oraz podejmowane przez liderów Galicji i Królestwa Polskiego dążenia, mające na celu zjednoczenie ziem polskich i utworzenie z nich mniej lub bardziej niepodlełego państwa. Jako zwolennik opcji trialistycznej (zastąpienia dualistycznej monarchii austro-węgierskiej trialistyczną Austro-Węgry- -Polską, powstałą w wyniku przyłączenia Królestwa Polskiego do Galicji) niemal do końca wojny widział miejsce Polaków u boku Habsburgów. Schyłek życia spędził we Lwowie, gdzie też zmarł. Dziennik Germana, podzielony obecnie na dwie części, jest przechowywany w zbiorze rękopisów Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej w Krakowie (sygn. 8537 I, „Notatki z wielkich czasów”, oryginał) i w Lwowskiej Narodowej Naukowej Bibliotece Ukrainy im. W. Stefanyka (Fond 5, sygn. 6415, t. 1–3, „Pamiętniki z lat 1916–1918”, kopia).
EN
The article presents the last years of the life of Ludomił German (1851–1921), a Galician teacher and school inspector, playwright, translator and politician. He was an activist of the Democratic-National Party and Polish Democratic Party, membor of the Austrian parliament in Vienna (1907–1918) and the National Parliament in Lviv (1912–1914), vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies and vice-president of the Polish Circle. During the World War I, he kept a diary in which he described his activities in the Supreme National Commitee (established on August 16th, 1914), the Polish Circle and the parliament, as well as the history of the Polish Legions, the struggle for their leadership and the efforts undertaken by the leaders of Galicia and the Kingdom of Poland to unificate the Polish lands and create a more or less independent Polish state. As a supporter of the trialist option (replacing the dualistic Austro-Hungarian Monarchy with the trialistic Austro-Hungary-Poland, created as a result of the joining of the Russian Kingdom of Poland to Galicia), he saw the place of Poles at the side of the Habsburgs almost until the end of the war. He spent the end of his life in Lviv, where he also died. His diary, divided into two parts, is kept in the collections of manuscripts of the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow, Poland (number 8537 I, „Notes from great times”, original) and in the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv (Fond 5, number 6415, vol. I–III, „Memoirs of 1916–1918, copy).
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Pozyskać Królestwo Polskie. Z dokumentacji Sekretariatu Generalnego Naczelnego Komitetu Narodowego z 1914 r. i pierwszej połowy 1915 r.

100%
Gmurczyk-Wrońska M.
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2020
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vol. 52
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issue 3
75-88
EN
The article is based on the archival material preserved in the National Archives in Krakow, in the fonds of the Supreme National Committee. The documents include many thorough analyses of the Polish Kingdom, its economic potential, the mood of the society, the position and condition of political parties and groups operating in its territories. This was made for one purpose: to win the people of the Polish Kingdom and drag them into the sphere of influence of the Krakow centre. The material reveals the activities and problems of Krakow centre on its way to win the Kingdom’s political parties and organisations, and, above all, to win the sympathy of people for the idea of the Legions and Austro-Polish option.
PL
W artykule wykorzystano dokumentację z Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie z zespołu Naczelnego Komitetu Narodowego. Materiały przedstawiają wiele szczegółowych analiz dotyczących Królestwa Polskiego, jego potencjału gospodarczego, nastrojów społeczeństwa, pozycji i kondycji partii i ugrupowań politycznych tam działających. Przyświecał temu główny cel – pozyskanie Królestwa Polskiego i wciągnięcie go w orbitę działań krakowskiego ośrodka. Dokumentacja ta pokazuje działania i problemy krakowskiego ośrodka na drodze do pozyskania partii i organizacji politycznych Królestwa, a przede wszystkim przekonania społeczeństwa do idei Legionów i opcji austro-polskiej.
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POWIATOWY KOMITET NARODOWY W KROŚNIE W OKRESIE I WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ

80%
Bereś E.
Rocznik Przemyski
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2018
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vol. 54
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issue 1(21): Historia
19-42
XX
In the period of the Galician Autonomy there were a lot of organizations in Krosno which laid the ground for the formation and development of paramilitary and independence organizations. The founding and activity of the District National Committee encouraged the people from Krosno and the region to actively engage in the fights for Poland’s independence. Despite enormous destruction and hardships caused by the war, the Krosno people’s effort put in regaining independence was of great significance. In the period of the Galician Autonomy there were a lot of organizations in Krosno which laid the ground for the formation and development of paramilitary and independence organizations. The founding and activity of the District National Committee encouraged the people from Krosno and the region to actively engage in the fights for Poland’s independence. Despite enormous destruction and hardships caused by the war, the Krosno people’s effort put in regaining independence was of great significance. In the period of the Galician Autonomy there were a lot of organizations in Krosno which laid the ground for the formation and development of paramilitary and independence organizations. The founding and activity of the District National Committee encouraged the people from Krosno and the region to actively engage in the fights for Poland’s independence. Despite enormous destruction and hardships caused by the war, the Krosno people’s effort put in regaining independence was of great significance.
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Dziennik Zygmunta Waltera, ułana Legionu Polskiego (24 X–17 XII 1914)

80%
Śnieżyńska-Stolot E., Walter-Łomnicka R.
Biuletyn Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej
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2012
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vol. 62
127–141
EN
Zygmunt Walter (1895–1942) joined the third Squadron of the Uhlans, incorporated to the First Brigade of the Polish Legions in 1914 in Cracow. At the end of 1914 he left for the Eastern Carpathian front. His service was interrupted by an illness and at the beginning of 1915 he found himself in the Marmaros-Sziget military hospital (Sighetu Marmaţiei in Romania). After the recovery, he was sent to join the survey of the legion graves in the area of Opoczno, which was conducted by the Commission for the Conservation of the Graves of the Polish Legionnaires at the Supreme National Committee. The author registered the events which took place between 24th October 1914 and 17th December 1914 as they happened. The notebook containing this diary was donated to the Jagiellonian Library by the daughter of the author, Rita Walter-Łomnicka. The diary belongs to a group of journals kept by the legionnaires and it can be compared with the diary of August Krasicki, the adjutant and orderly officer to the generals of the Polish Legions who trained young Uhlans, including Walter, in Nagyszöllös (Vinogradiv in Ukraine). Walter’s unit moved among twenty towns (now in the territories of Ukraine), beginning with Kiárlymezö (Ust-Czorna) and ending in Köröszmözö (Yasinya). The diary mentions many well-known legionnaires, such as Józef Haller, August Krasicki and Alfred Leonhardt. It also mentions the battles of Nadwórna (Nadvirna) and Rafajłowa (Rafaynove), dressing the wounds of wounded soldiers, one of whom was the painter Józef Ryszkiewicz-Świrysz.
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Pamiętnik z roku 1914 skautki Marty Pająkówny

80%
Śnieżyńska-Stolot E.
Biuletyn Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej
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2012
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vol. 62
113–125
EN
Marta Śnieżyńska née Pająk (1900–1977) joined the 10th Scout Squad at the Adam Mickiewicz Department School in Cracow at the age of fourteen. Her journal is a grey notebook decorated with hand drawn illustrations, which has been donated to the Jagiellonian Library by the daughter of the author. It encompasses the period from 16th November to 5th May 1915. The fourteen-year-old Marta remained with her parents in the Cracow Fortress and, like many inhabitants of Cracow, she wandered about the city, watching, and subsequently describing the “theatre of war”, that is, the marches of the Austro-Hungarian and Prussian armies, of Russian war captives, and also of Poles from the Russian and Prussian partitions. She described the uniforms of the soldiers, their typical physical characteristics, and the military camps in the Main Market Square. From Salwator she watched signs of clashes between the armed forces and military aeroplanes appearing in the sky, she also mentioned the forts of Cracow and the end of the siege of the Cracow Fortress on 18th December 1915. The journal ends with a description of the celebrations of 3rd May.
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